Nhận dạng tam giác ABC biết
\(\dfrac{1+\cos B}{\sin B}=\dfrac{2a+c}{\sqrt{4a^2-c^2}}\)
sin \(\dfrac{A}{2}\)=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b-c}{2b}}\) nhận dạng tam giác ABC biết
\(sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}=\dfrac{b-c}{2b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-cosA}{2}=\dfrac{b-c}{2b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{b-c}{b}=1-\dfrac{c}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2-a^2=2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+c^2=b^2\)
Tam giác vuông tại B
Cho tam giác ABC nhọn .Tìm min của :
\(T=\sqrt{sin^2A+\dfrac{1}{cos^2B}}+\sqrt{sin^2B+\dfrac{1}{cos^2C}}+\sqrt{sin^2C+\dfrac{1}{cos^2A}}\)
cho tam giác ABC thoả mãn
a, \(\dfrac{1+cosB}{1-cosB}\)= \(\dfrac{2a+c}{2a-c}\) CM: tam giác cân
b, tanB.tanC = \(\dfrac{tanA}{sinB.sinC}\) CM: tam giác vuông
c, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1+cosC}{sinC}=\dfrac{2a+b}{\sqrt{4a^2-b^2}}\\a^2\left(b+c-a\right)=b^3+c^3-a^3\end{matrix}\right.\) CM: tam giác đều
Cho tam giác ABC thỏa mãn hệ thức b + c = 2a. Trong các mệnh đề sau, mệnh đề nào đúng?
A. CosB + Cos C = 2 Cos A B. Sin B + Sin C = 2 Sin A
C. Sin B + Sin C = \(\dfrac{1}{2}SinA\) D. Sin B + Sin C = 2 Sin A
Theo đl sin có:
\(\dfrac{a}{sinA}=\dfrac{b}{sinB}=\dfrac{c}{sinC}\Rightarrow b=a\dfrac{sinB}{sinA};c=\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}.a\)
Mà `b+c=2a`
\(\Rightarrow a\dfrac{sinB}{sinA}+a\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}=2a\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{sinB}{sinA}+\dfrac{sinC}{sinA}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow sinB+sinC=2sinA\)
Chọn B
Cho tam giác ABC. Chứng minh \(\dfrac{\sin^3\dfrac{B}{2}}{\cos\left(\dfrac{A+C}{2}\right)}\)+ \(\dfrac{\cos^3\dfrac{B}{2}}{sin\left(\dfrac{A+C}{2}\right)}\)-\(\dfrac{\cos\left(A-C\right)}{\sin B}\).\(\tan B=2\)
Chứng minh rằng với mọi tam giác ABC ta có:
a) \(SinA+SinB+SinC\le Cos\dfrac{A}{2}+Cos\dfrac{B}{2}+Cos\dfrac{C}{2}\)
b) \(CosA.CosB.CosC\le Sin\dfrac{A}{2}.Sin\dfrac{B}{2}.Sin\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Chứng minh các hệ thức sau :
a) \(\dfrac{1-2\sin^2a}{1+\sin2a}=\dfrac{1-\tan a}{1+\tan a}\)
b) \(\dfrac{\sin a+\sin3a+\sin5a}{\cos a+\cos3a+\cos5a}=\tan3a\)
c) \(\dfrac{\sin^4a-\cos^4a+\cos^2a}{2\left(1-\cos a\right)}=\cos^2\dfrac{a}{2}\)
d) \(\dfrac{\tan2x.\tan x}{\tan2x-\tan x}=\sin2x\)
Giả sử A, B, C là ba góc của tam giác ABC, chứng minh rằng :
a) \(\dfrac{\sin C}{\cos A\cos B}=\tan A+\tan B\)
b) \(\sin A+\sin B+\sin C=4\cos\dfrac{A}{2}\cos\dfrac{B}{2}\cos\dfrac{C}{2}\)
c) \(\dfrac{\sin A+\sin B+\sin C}{\sin A+\sin B-\sin C}=\cot\dfrac{A}{2}\cot\dfrac{B}{2}\)
Cho tam giác \(ABC.\) Chứng minh rằng:
\(\cos A+\cos B+\cos C+\dfrac{1}{\sin A}+\dfrac{1}{\sin B}\) \(+\dfrac{1}{\sin C}\ge2\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(f\left(A,B,C\right)=cosA+cosB+cosC+\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-2\sqrt{3}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(A,B,C\right)-f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(cosB+cosC-2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\)
\(=2cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\left(cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Bên cạnh đó ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{sinB}+\dfrac{1}{sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{sinB+sinC}-\dfrac{2}{sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)}{sinB+sinC}\)
Do đó \(\left(1\right)\ge2\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{sinB+sinC}-cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(1-cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)\right)\left(\dfrac{1-sin\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B-C}{2}\right)}{sinB+sinC}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(A,B,C\right)\ge f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\)
Giờ ta chỉ cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức đúng trong trường hợp tam giác cân.
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}B=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{A}{2}\\cosB=cosC=\dfrac{sinA}{2}\\sinB=sinC=\dfrac{cosA}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)=\left(cosA+2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}+\dfrac{2}{cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}-2\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\left(sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-1\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA}{sinA}\)
Mà ta có: \(1\ge sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow8sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\ge2\sqrt{3}sinA+4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-2\sqrt{3}sinA\ge4sin^2\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)-4sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)+1=\left(2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-1\right)\right)^2\)
Từ đó ta suy ra:
\(f\left(A,\dfrac{B+C}{2},\dfrac{B+C}{2}\right)\ge\left(2sin-1\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{sinA}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh. Dấu = xảy ra khi \(A=B=C=\dfrac{\pi}{3}\)
Hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\cos\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sin\left(x\right)}\) là hàm lồi trên \(\left(0,\pi\right)\)
Do đó theo BĐT Jensen ( trường hợp của Karamata) có:
\(f\left(A\right)+f\left(B\right)+f\left(c\right)\ge3f\left(\dfrac{A+B+C}{3}\right)=3f\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=2\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{3}{2}\)
P/s:Tính độ "lầy" của hàm số:
\(f''(x)=-\cos(x)-\frac{1}{\sin(x)}+\frac{2}{(\sin(x))^3}\)
Và cho \(x\in (0,\pi);f''(x)>0\) nếu \(2>(\sin(x))^2(\sin(x)\cos(x)+1)\) là xài dc Jensen :D