1) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{x+y}{5+7}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=4\Rightarrow x=20\\ \dfrac{y}{7}=4\Rightarrow y=28\)

2) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{-7}=\dfrac{x-y}{4+7}=\dfrac{33}{11}=3\)

\(\dfrac{x}{4}=3\Rightarrow x=12\\ \dfrac{y}{-7}=3\Rightarrow y=-21\)

a) Vì \(\dfrac{x}{y} = \dfrac{5}{3} \Rightarrow \dfrac{x}{5} = \dfrac{y}{3}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{x}{5} = \dfrac{y}{3} = \dfrac{{x + y}}{{5 + 3}} = \dfrac{{16}}{8} = 2\\ \Rightarrow x = 2.5 = 10\\y = 2.3 = 6\end{array}\)

Vậy x=10, y=6

b) Vì \(\dfrac{x}{y} = \dfrac{9}{4} \Rightarrow \dfrac{x}{9} = \dfrac{y}{4}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}\dfrac{x}{9} = \dfrac{y}{4} = \dfrac{{x - y}}{{9 - 4}} = \dfrac{{ - 15}}{5} =  - 3\\ \Rightarrow x = ( - 3).9 =  - 27\\y = ( - 3).4 =  - 12\end{array}\)

Vậy x = -27, y = -12.

a) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{4-9}=\dfrac{-16}{-5}=\dfrac{16}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4.\dfrac{16}{5}\\y^2=9.\dfrac{16}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\left(2.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[]{5}}\right)=\pm\dfrac{8\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\\y=\pm\left(3.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt[]{5}}\right)=\pm\dfrac{12\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{5}{4}y=\dfrac{5}{4}.\left(\pm\dfrac{12\sqrt[]{5}}{5}\right)=\pm3\sqrt[]{5}\)

b) \(\left|2x+3\right|=x+2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=x+2\\2x+3=-x-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\3x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\3x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đính chính

Dòng cuối \(3x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\rightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\)

a. Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

$\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{x+y}{2+5}=\frac{-21}{7}=-3$

$\Rightarrow x=2(-3)=-6; y=5(-3)=-15$

b. Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

$7x=3y=\frac{x}{\frac{1}{7}}=\frac{y}{\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{x-y}{\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{16}{\frac{-4}{21}}=-84$

$\Rightarrow x=(-84):7=-12; y=-84:3=-28$

c. $\frac{x}{y}=\frac{5}{9}\Rightarrow \frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{9}$

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

$\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{3x}{15}=\frac{2y}{18}=\frac{3x+2y}{15+18}=\frac{66}{33}=2$

$\Rightarrow x=2.5=10; y=9.2=18$

d. Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

$\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{2y}{14}=\frac{x-2y}{15-14}=\frac{16}{1}=16$

$\Rightarrow x=16.15=240; y=7.16=112$

e.

Đặt $\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{2}=k\Rightarrow x=5k ; y=2k$

Khi đó: $xy=5k.2k=10k^2=1000\Rightarrow k^2=100\Rightarrow k=\pm 10$

Với $k=10$ thì $x=5k=50; y=2k=20$

Với $k=-10$ thì $x=5k=-50; y=2k=-20$

Bài 2:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

$\frac{x}{13}-\frac{y}{7}-\frac{z}{5}=\frac{x-y-z}{13-7-5}=\frac{6}{1}=6$

$\Rightarrow x=13.6=78; y=7.6=42; z=5.6=30$

Bài 4:

\(\dfrac{3}{4}+y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{37}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{37}{16}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{25}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\dfrac{25}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

________________

\(456+y:87=23987\)

\(\Rightarrow y:87=23987-456\)

\(\Rightarrow y:87=23531\)

\(\Rightarrow y=23531\cdot87\)

\(\Rightarrow y=2047197\)

a)\(\dfrac{4}{5}\times\dfrac{5}{8}:\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{4}{5}:\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\times\dfrac{5}{8}\)

\(=1\times\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

b)\(\dfrac{5}{6}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}:\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{6}+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{4}{5}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{17}{15}\)

\(=\dfrac{59}{30}\)

Bài 2:

a) \(\dfrac{3}{4}+y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{37}{16}\)

\(y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{37}{16}-\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(y:\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{25}{16}\)

\(y=\dfrac{25}{16}\times\dfrac{2}{5}\)

\(y=\dfrac{5}{8}\)

b)\(456+y:87=23987\)

\(y:87=23987-456\)

\(y:87=23531\)

\(y=23531\times87\)

\(y=2047197\)

a) 4/5 x 5/8 : 4/5

= 5/8

b) 5/6 + ( 1/2 : 3/2 + 4/5)

= 5/6 + (1/3 + 4/5)

= 5/6 + 17/15

= 59/30

B4:

3/4 + y : 2/5 = 37/16

y : 2/5 = 25/16

y = 5/8.

456 + y : 87 = 23987

y : 87 = 23531

y = 2047197.

a) \(\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{y^4}}\)

\(=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}}{\sqrt{\left(y^2\right)^2}}\) 

\(=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x}{y^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{y}\)

b) \(\dfrac{5}{2}x^3y^3\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{x^4y^8}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{2}x^3y^3\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{16}}{\sqrt{\left(x^2y^4\right)^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{2}x^3y^3\cdot\dfrac{4}{x^2y^4}\)

\(=\dfrac{20x^3y^3}{2x^2y^4}\)

\(=\dfrac{10x}{y}\)

c) \(ab^2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{a^2b^4}}\)

\(=ab^2\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{\left(ab^2\right)^2}}\)

\(=ab^2\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{ab^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{3}\)

\(a,\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{y^4}}\left(y\ge0;x,y\ne0\right)\) (sửa đề)

\(=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}}{\sqrt{y^4}}\)

\(=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{\left(y^2\right)^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{y}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x}{y^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{y}\)

\(---\)

\(b,\dfrac{5}{2}x^3y^3\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{x^4y^8}}\left(x,y\ne0\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{2}x^3y^3\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{16}}{\sqrt{x^4y^8}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5x^3y^3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{x^2y^4}\)

\(=\dfrac{5x\cdot2}{y}\)

\(=\dfrac{10x}{y}\)

\(---\)

\(c,ab^2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{a^2b^4}}\left(a>0;b\ne0\right)\) (sửa đề)

\(=ab^2\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{a^2b^4}}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab^2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{\left(ab^2\right)^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab^2\sqrt{3}}{ab^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{3}\)

#\(Toru\)

ÁP DỤNG TÍNH CHẤT DÃY TỈ SỐ BẰNG NHAU, TA ĐƯỢC :

`(x)/(3)=(y)/(4)=(x+y)/(3+4)=(90)/(7)`

`->` $\begin{cases}x=\dfrac{90}{7}.3=\dfrac{30}{7} \\ y=\dfrac{90}{7}.4=\dfrac{360}{7} \end{cases}$

1)\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)        áp dụng...ta đc:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{x-y}{5-3}=\dfrac{20}{2}=10\)

x=50

y=30

ÁP DỤNG TÍNH CHẤT DÃY TỈ SỐ BẰNG NHAU, TA ĐƯỢC :

`(x)/(5)=(y)/(3)=(x-y)/(5-3)=(20)/(2)=10`

`->` $\begin{cases} x=10.5=50\\ y=10.3=30\end{cases}$

a.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=3k\\z=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(2x+y-z=81\)

\(\Rightarrow2.5k+3k-4k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow9k=81\)

\(\Rightarrow k=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k=45\\y=3k=27\\z=4k=36\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{2}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k\\y=5k\\z=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(5x-y+3z=124\)

\(\Rightarrow5.3k-5k+3.2k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow16k=124\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{31}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3k=\dfrac{93}{4}\\y=5k=\dfrac{155}{4}\\z=2k=\dfrac{31}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=5k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(xyz=810\)

\(\Rightarrow2k.3k.5k=810\)

\(\Rightarrow k^3=27\)

\(\Rightarrow k=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=6\\y=3k=9\\z=5k=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

d.

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{6}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k\\y=3k\\z=6k\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào \(x^2y^2z^2=288^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2k\right)^2.\left(3k\right)^2.\left(6k\right)^2=288^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(k^2\right)^3=64\)

\(\Rightarrow k^2=4\)

\(\Rightarrow k=\pm2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=4\\y=3k=6\\z=6k=12\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2k=-4\\y=3k=-6\\z=6k=-12\end{matrix}\right.\)