a: Ta có: \(A=x^2-2xy+5y^2+4y+51\)

\(=x^2-2xy+y^2+4y^2+4y+1+50\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+50\ge50\forall x,y\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) \(A=x^2-2xy+5y^2+4y+51=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+50=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+50\ge50\)

\(minA=50\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(C=\dfrac{9}{-2x^2+4x-7}=\dfrac{9}{-2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-5}=\dfrac{9}{-2\left(x-1\right)^2-5}\ge\dfrac{9}{-5}=-\dfrac{9}{5}\)

\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{5}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

d) \(10x^2+4y^2-4xy+8x-4y+20=\left[4y^2-4y\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)^2\right]+\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)+18=\left(2y-x-1\right)^2+\left(3x+1\right)^2+18\ge18\)

\(minD=18\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

e) \(E=9x^2+2y^2+6xy-6x-8y+10=\left[9x^2+6x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2\right]+\left(y^2-6x+9\right)=\left(3x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\)

\(minE=0\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(M=x^2-3x+10\)

\(M=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

\(M=\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

\(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) nên: \(M=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}=\dfrac{31}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=\dfrac{31}{4}\) với \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

b) \(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\)

\(N=x^2+x^2+4y^2+y^2+4xy+8x-4y-120+16+4\)

\(N=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-120\)

\(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\)

Mà:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên \(N=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-120\ge120\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2y\right)^2=0\\\left(x+4\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-4+2y=0\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=120\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a

\(M=x^2-3x+10=x^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}.x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}\ge\dfrac{31}{4}\)

Min M \(=\dfrac{31}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

b

\(N=2x^2+5y^2+4xy+8x-4y-100\\ =x^2+8x+16+y^2-4y+4+x^2+4xy+4y^2-120\\ =\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(x+2y\right)^2-120\ge-120\)

Min N \(=-120\) khi và chỉ khi \(x=-4\) và \(y=2\)

A= -x²+2x+3

=>A= -(x²-2x+3)

=>A= -(x²-2.x.1+1+3-1)

=>A=-[(x-1)²+2]

=>A= -(x+1)²-2

Vì -(x+1)² ≤0=> A≤-2

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi

-(x+1)²=0 => x=-1

Vây A lớn nhất= -2 khi x= -1

B=x²-2x+4y²-4y+8

=> B= (x²-2x+1)+(4y²-4y+1)+6

=> B=(x-1)²+(2y+1)²+6

=> B lớn nhất=6 khi x=1 và y=-1/2

\(A=\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-3\)

\(A=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

Lời giải:

$A=(x^2+4y^2+4xy)+x^2+5-8x-12y$

$=(x+2y)^2-6(x+2y)+x^2+5-2x$

$=(x+2y)^2-6(x+2y)+9+(x^2-2x+1)-5$

$=(x+2y-3)^2+(x-1)^2-5\geq 0+0-5=-5$

Vậy $A_{\min}=-5$. Giá trị này đạt được khi $x+2y-3=x-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=1$

Yêu cầu đề là gì vậy bạn?

\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)

Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

\(2x^2-4xy+2y^2\\ =2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\\ =2\left(x-y\right)^2\)

a) 2x²-4xy+2y²
= 2x²-2xy-2xy+2y²
= 2x(x-y)-2y(x-y)
= (2x-2y)(x-y)
b) x²+4xy+4y²-9
= (x+2y)²-3²
= (x+2y-3)(x+2y+3)
c) x⁴-x³y+x-y
= x³(x-y)+(x-y)
= (x³+1)(x-y)

\(a,=2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=2\left(x-y\right)^2\\ b,=\left(x+2y\right)^2-9=\left(x+2y-3\right)\left(x+2y+3\right)\\ c,=x^3\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\\ =\left(x+1\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(T=-2\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy+2x-2y\right)-2y^2+8y+2004\)

\(T=-2\left(x-y+1\right)^2-2\left(y-2\right)^2+2012\le2012\)

\(T_{max}=2012\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)