Bạn coi lại đề xem có sai không chứ nghiệm giải ra xấu cực. Và phương trình không rút gọn hết nghe cũng rất vô lý.

1) \(\sqrt[]{3x+7}-5< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{3x+7}< 5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x+7\ge0\cap3x+7< 25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge-\dfrac{7}{3}\cap x< 6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{7}{3}\le x< 6\)

1.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3x+\left(x+1-\sqrt{3x+1}\right)+\left(x+2-\sqrt{5x+4}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-x\right)+\dfrac{x^2-x}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\dfrac{x^2-x}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

2.

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a\\\sqrt[3]{2-8x^3}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta được hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2a-1\right)b=a\\a^3+b^3=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2ab\\\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow8\left(ab\right)^3-6\left(ab\right)^2=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left[4\left(ab\right)^2+ab+1\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\Rightarrow a+b=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

1.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{3+\sqrt{41}}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1+2\sqrt{x\left(x^2-1\right)}=2x^2-3x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-3-2\sqrt{\left(x^2-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-3b^2-2ab=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-3b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=3b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-x}=3\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=9\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\) (bạn tự hoàn thành nhé)

2.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=a\ge0\) pt trở thành:

\(x^3+3\left(x^2-4a^2\right)a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3ax^2-4a^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)\left(x+2a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\2a=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=x\left(x\ge0\right)\\2\sqrt{x+1}=-x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=x+1\\x^2=4x+4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2-4x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=2-2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2x^3-x^2+\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=3x+1+\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3-3x+1\right)-\left(x^2+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{2x^2-3x+1}-\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}=0\)(*)

Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=a\Rightarrow2x^3-3x+1=a^3\); \(\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}=b\Rightarrow b^3=x^2+2\)

Khi đó: (*) \(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=0\)( Vì: \(a^2+ab+b^2+1=\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}b^2+1>0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)hay \(\sqrt[3]{2x^3-3x+1}=\sqrt[3]{x^2+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3-3x+1=x^2+2\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^3+x^2\right)-\left(2x^2+x\right)-\left(2x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+1=0\left(1\right)\\x^2-x-1=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Giải (1)ta được \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\)

Giải (2) ta có: \(x^2-x-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x-\frac{1}{2}=-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\\x=\frac{-\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình đã cho là: \(S=\left\{-\frac{1}{2};\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2};\frac{-\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right\}.\)