PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

           \(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\cdot102=10,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=10,2+2,4=12,6\left(g\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\n_{AlCl_3}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=400\cdot1,2=480\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=492,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{492,4}\cdot100\%\approx1,93\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{492,4}\cdot100\%\approx5,42\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(\left(mol\right)\)      \(0,15\)        \(0,3\)        \(0,15\)       \(0,15\)

\(a.V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b.m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,15=14,25\left(g\right)\\ c.\\ PTHH:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

\(\left(mol\right)\)      \(0,15\)     \(0,15\)    \(0,15\)

\(m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)

a) CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

b) \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

_0,1---->0,2------->0,1----->0,1

=> m_CaCl2 = 0,1.111 = 11,1 (g)

=> V_CO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)

c) \(a=C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)

d) \(C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,2------------>0,2----->0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Ta có: \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b, \(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1,5}\approx0,267\left(l\right)\)

c, \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂

0,15 ------------------------> 0,15

2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3

\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe_xO_y + yH₂ --t^o--> xFe + yH₂O

Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)

CTHH: Fe_xO_y

=> x : y = 0,27 :  0,36 = 3 : 4

=> CTHH: Fe₃O₄ (oxit sắt từ)

mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
         0,2                            0,3
        Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
        0,15                          0,15 
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol) 
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L) 
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol) 
áp dụng BLBTKL  ta có : 
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O 
=> moxit sắt =  20,7 (g) 
 

\(a) Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2\\ b) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{182,5.5\%}{36,5} = 0,25(mol)\\ n_{FeCl_2} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,125(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe} = 0,125.56 = 7(gam) ; V = 0,125.22,4 = 2,8(lít)\\ c) m_{dd\ sau\ phản\ ứng} = m_{Fe} + m_{dd\ HCl} - m_{H_2} = 7 + 182,5 - 0,125.2 = 189,25(gam)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,125.127}{189,25}.100\% = 8,39\%\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2            1           1

       0,2       0,4         0,2         0,2

      \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)

          1            6               2              3

         0,2         1,2            0,4

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe2O3}=27,2-11,2=16\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{11,2.100}{27,2}=41,18\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀Fe₂O₃ = \(\dfrac{16.100}{27,2}=58,82\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{Fe2O3}=16\left(g\right)\)

 \(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+1,2=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

   \(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{1,2.2}{6}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

  \(C_{M_{FeCl2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25\left(M\right)\)

  \(C_{M_{FeCl3}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,8}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

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