Bài làm:

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{3a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+3b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+3c}{c}=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3a+b+c=5a\\a+3b+c=5b\\a+b+3c=5c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=3a\\a+b+c=3b\\a+b+c=3c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

Vậy \(P=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{2c}{c}+\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}=2+2+2=6\)

Vậy P = 6

Vì a ; b ; c > 0 => a + b + c > 0

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có 

\(\frac{3a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+3b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+3c}{c}=\frac{3a+b+c+a+3b+c+a+b+3c}{a+b+c}\)

                                                                                       \(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3a+b+c=5a\\a+3b+c=5b\\a+b+3c=5c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\\a+b=2c\end{cases}}\)

Khi đó P = \(\frac{2c}{c}+\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}=2+2+2=6\)

\(\frac{3a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+3b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+3c}{c}\)

\(=\frac{3a}{a}+\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{3b}{b}+\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{3c}{c}+\frac{a+b}{c}\)

\(=3+\frac{b+c}{a}=3+\frac{a+c}{b}=3+\frac{a+b}{c}\)

\(=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}\)

theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c+a+c+a+b}{a+b+c}=\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b+c}{a}=2\Leftrightarrow b+c=2a\left(1\right)\\\frac{a+c}{b}=2\Leftrightarrow a+c=2b\left(2\right)\\\frac{a+b}{c}=2\Leftrightarrow a+b=2c\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

thay (1);(2);(3) vào \(P=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}\)ta được

\(P=\frac{2c}{c}+\frac{2a}{a}+\frac{2b}{b}=2+2+2=6\)

Chứng minh: 

\(2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{b+1}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{b}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{b}< \sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b}< \sqrt{b+1}\)(đúng)

Cái còn lại tương tự

P/s : bài này khá khó nên mình thử thôi ! 

Không mất tính tổng quát , ta giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\)

Đặt \(M=ab+bc+ca-12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)

      \(N=a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\)

Ta có : \(ab+ac+bc\ge a\left(b+c\right)\)hay \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\le a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge N\)

Tiếp , ta sẽ chứng minh \(N\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)\left\{1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\right\}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3a\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[1-3a\left(b+c\right)\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)

Đặt x = a ; y = b + c ta có : \(x+y=1\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\)

Theo bất đẳng thức AM - GM , ta có :

\(12xy\left(1-3xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.12xy\left(4-12xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{12xy+4-12xy}{2}\right)^2=1\)

=> Bất đẳng thức ( 1 ) luôn đúng 

\(\Rightarrow N\ge0\)

Vậy \(M\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra với bộ \(\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{6};\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{6};0\right)\)và các hoán vị của chúng .

WLOG: \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)

Let \(p=a+b+c;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\) so p = 1; \(r\ge0\)and \(3\ge q\ge ab\left(\text{vì }c\ge0\right)\)

Need: \(q\ge12\left(p^3-3pq+3r\right)\left(q^2-2pr\right)\)

Have: \(VP=12\left(1-3q+3r\right)\left(q^2-2r\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(1-3q+3r\right).18\left(q^2-2r\right)\)

\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left[1-3q+3r+18\left(q^2-2r\right)\right]=\frac{1}{6}\left[18q^2-3q+1-33r\right]\)

\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left(18q^2-3q+1\right)=3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)

Hence, we need to prove: \(q\ge3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3q^2-\frac{3}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{6}\le q\le\frac{1}{3}\)

Which it is obvious because:

\(q=ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)

\(q-\frac{1}{6}=ab+bc+ca-\frac{1}{6}=ab+c-\frac{1}{6}+c\left(a+b-1\right)\)\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+1-\left(a+b\right)-c\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\)

\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)

Sorry, you shold edit that "VP" \(\rightarrow\)"RHS" , beacause in English haven't "VP".

\(Từ GT, ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge6\) Áp dụng bđt AM - GM, ta lại có: \(\frac{1}{a^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{a};\frac{1}{b^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{b};\frac{1}{c^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{c}\) \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab};\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc};\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\ge\frac{2}{ac}\) Cộng theo vế ta có:  \(3\left(\text{∑}\frac{1}{a^2}\right)+3\ge2\left(\text{∑}\frac{1}{a}+\text{∑}\frac{1}{ab}\right)\Leftrightarrow\text{∑}\frac{1} {a^2}\ge3\left(đ\text{pcm}\right)\) \(\text{Dau }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Từ GT, ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\ge6\)

Áp dụng bđt AM - GM, ta lại có:

\(\frac{1}{a^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{a};\frac{1}{b^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{b};\frac{1}{c^2}+1\ge\frac{2}{c}\)

\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab};\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc};\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\ge\frac{2}{ac}\)

Cộng theo vế ta có: 

\(3\left(\text{∑}\frac{1}{a^2}\right)+3\ge2\left(\text{∑}\frac{1}{a}+\text{∑}\frac{1}{ab}\right)\Leftrightarrow\text{∑}\frac{1}{a^2}\ge3\left(đ\text{pcm}\right)\)

\(\text{Dau }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Có |a| < 3

      |b-5| < 7

=> |a| . |b-5| < 3.7

=> |ab-5a| < 21

Có |a-c| < 10

=> |5| . |a-c| < |5| . 10

=>|5a-5c|<5.10

=>|5a-5c|<50

Có |ab-5a| < 21

|5a-5c|<50

=>|ab-5a|+|5c-5a| < 21+50=71

Có |ab-5a|+|5a-5c| \(\ge\)|ab-5a+5a-5c|=|ab-5c|

=>|ab-5c|\(\le\) |ab-5a|+|5a-5c|<71

=>|ab-5c|<71

Bài 2 : 

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca 

<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca 

<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca 

<=> ( a - b )^2 + ( b - c )^2 + ( c - a )^2 = 0 

<=> a = b = c 

Bài 1 : 

a^2 + b^2 + 9 = ab + 3a + 3b 

<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 18 = 2ab + 6a + 6b 

<=> a^2 - 2ab + b^2 + a^2 - 6a + 9 + b^2 - 6a + 9 = 0 

<=> ( a - b)^2 + ( a - 3)^2 + ( b - 3)^2 = 0 

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a = b = 3 

1.

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+18=2ab+6a+6b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-6b+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-3=0\\b-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)

2.

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)