Lời giải:
a.

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$A^2=(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{9-x})^2\leq (x-1+9-x)(1+1)=16$

$\Rightarrow A\leq 4$

Vậy $A_{\max}=4$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=5$

b.

$A=\frac{3(\sqrt{x}+2)+5}{\sqrt{x}+2}=3+\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+2}$

Để $A$ nguyên thì $\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}+2}=m$ với $m$ nguyên dương

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x}+2=\frac{5}{m}$

$\sqrt{x}=\frac{5-2m}{m}$

Vì $\sqrt{x}\geq 0$ nên $\frac{5-2m}{m}\geq 0$

Mà $m$ nguyên dương nên $5-2m\geq 0$

$\Leftrightarrow m\leq 2,5$. 

$\Rightarrow m=1; 2$

$\Rightarrow x=9; x=\frac{1}{4}$

4x+37 nha mình gõ nhầm

1: Ta có: \(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2-\left(x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}-2-x+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{x-1}\)

2: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Để A là số nguyên thì \(2⋮x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;3;-1\right\}\)

Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: \(x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)

Vậy: Để A là số nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)

\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2-x}\le\sqrt{2\left(x+2-x\right)}=2\)

\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2-x}\ge\sqrt{x+2-x}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{2}\le P\le\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow1\le P\le\sqrt{2}\)

Mà \(P\in Z\Rightarrow P=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2-x}=2\Rightarrow x=1\)

ĐKXĐ: x>=0; x<>4

\(M=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(x+2\sqrt{x}+4\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+4}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)

M nguyên khi \(x-2\sqrt{x}+4\sqrt{x}-8+12⋮\sqrt{x}-2\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12\right\}\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;6;8;14\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{9;1;16;0;25;36;64;196\right\}\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{2}\left(đk:x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+2+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2.2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Để A nguyên thì: \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)

Mà \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(tm\right)\left(do.\sqrt{x}+1\ge1>0\right)\)

+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\\\sqrt{x}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\left(VLý\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{1;\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right\}\)

\(P=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-1+4}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Để P đạt giá trị nguyên thì \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) đạt giá trị nguyên

<=>4 chia hết cho \(\sqrt{x}-1\)

<=>\(\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

<=>\(\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)

<=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\{-3;-1;0;2;3;5\right\}\)

<=>\(x\in\left\{0;4;9;25\right\}\)

Cách giải lớp 6 á, thông cảm :)

rút gọn A= ( \(\left(\sqrt{26}+5\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{19-5\sqrt{13}}\)