\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)

\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)

Ta có : \(a^2+ab=c^2+bc\Leftrightarrow a^2-c^2+b\left(a-c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\) ( do a;b;c \(\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\)

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=6\)

Vậy ... 

Ta có : 

 ( do a;b;c  )

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

Ta có : 

 ( do a;b;c  )

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=1\)

\(A=\dfrac{bc}{8a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+8\left(ca\right)^3+8\left(ab\right)^3}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(2ca\right)^3+\left(2ab\right)^3}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(2ab+2ca\right)^3-3.2ca.2ab\left(2ab+2ca\right)}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(-bc\right)^3-3.2ca.2ab.\left(-bc\right)}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{12\left(abc\right)^2}{8\left(abc\right)^2}=\dfrac{12}{8}\)

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\(a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)=3abc\)

\(A=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}=3\)

BĐT bị ngược dấu, BĐT đúng phải là:

\(\dfrac{a}{ac+4}+\dfrac{b}{ab+4}+\dfrac{c}{bc+4}\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{16}\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{ca^2}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2-2ab}+\dfrac{bc^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2-2bc}+\dfrac{ca^2}{\left(c+a\right)^2-b^2-2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)-2ab}+\dfrac{bc^2}{\left(b+c+a\right)\left(b+c-a\right)-2bc}+\dfrac{ca^2}{\left(c+a+b\right)\left(c+a-b\right)-2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab^2}{-2ab}+\dfrac{bc^2}{-2bc}+\dfrac{ca^2}{-2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{-ab\cdot b}{2ab}+\dfrac{-bc^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{-ca^2}{2ac}\)

\(=\dfrac{-b}{2}+\dfrac{-c}{2}+\dfrac{-a}{2}=\dfrac{-\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=\dfrac{0}{2}=0\)

Lời giải:

ĐKĐB \(\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{1}{b}=b+\frac{1}{c}=c+\frac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a-b=\frac{b-c}{bc}\\ b-c=\frac{c-a}{ac}\\ c-a=\frac{a-b}{ab}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow (a-b)(b-c)(c-a)=\frac{(b-c)(c-a)(a-b)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)

Vì $a,b,c$ đôi 1 khác nhau nên $a^2b^2c^2=1$. Khi đó:

\(P=(5.1^3-8.1+2)^{2020}=(-1)^{2020}=1\)

Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-ab\ge ab\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{abc}{ab}=c\) ( do $abc=1$ )

Tương tự ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}\le a\)

\(\dfrac{1}{c^2-ab+a^2}\le b\)

Cộng vế với vế các BĐT trên có :

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+a^2}\le a+b+c\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2-ab}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2-bc}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2-ca}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2ab-ab}+\dfrac{1}{2bc-bc}+\dfrac{1}{2ca-ca}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=a+b+c\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)