Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow P=xy+yz+xz-\sqrt{x^2+1}-\sqrt{y^2+1}-\sqrt{z^2+1}\)

Khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Rightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow P=3\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P=3\) là giá tri nhỏ nhất của \(P\)

\(\Rightarrow BDT\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz-3\ge\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}\)

Ta có BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge x^2y^2z^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+yz+xz\right)^2\ge x^2y^2z^2+2xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)\(=3\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

Xét \(VT^2=\left(xy+yz+xz-3\right)^2=\left(xy+yz+xz\right)^2-6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+9\)

\(\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)^2-6\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+9\)\(=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+9\left(1\right)\)

Và \(VP^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\right)=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+9\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) ta có ĐPCM. Vậy \(P_{min}=3\Rightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}{8}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}{8}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\). (1)

Đặt \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}=t\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}\le t\le2\).

\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}{4}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}=\dfrac{3t}{4}+\dfrac{4-2t^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(2-t\right)\left(2t+1\right)}{4}+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\). (2)

Cộng vế với vế của (1), (2) ta được \(P\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\).

...

Ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=\sqrt{3};\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=3\).

Đặt \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}=t\) \((\sqrt{3}\leq t\leq 3)\).

Ta có: \(P=t+\dfrac{9-t^2}{4}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t^3+9t^2-t^4+4}{4t^2}\).

\(\Rightarrow P-\dfrac{28}{9}=\dfrac{\left(3-t\right)\left(9t^3-9t^2+4t+12\right)}{36}\).

Do \(\sqrt{3}\le t\le3\) nên \(3-t\geq 0\); \(9t^3-9t^2+4t+12>4t+12>0\).

Nên \(P\ge\dfrac{28}{9}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 3, tức (a, b, c) = (0; 0; 3) và các hoán vị.

Vậy...

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{1+ab-c^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+ab}}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+2c^2\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+2c^2}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=ab+2c^2\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(VT\ge ab+bc+ca+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2+ab+bc+ca\)

$\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\geq ab+bc+ca+2$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học

Do 1/b+1/c=3/4-1/a suy ra \(\sum\) (1a/)=3/4

Ta có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}}{a^2}\)= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-bc}}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}}}{a^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(b+c\right)}{2a^2}\)

Tương tự ta được:

P\(\ge\) \(\sqrt{3}\) \(\left(\sum\dfrac{b+c}{a^2}\right)\) \(\ge\) \(\sqrt{3}\) (1/a+1/b+1/c) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c=4

\(Q=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{a+b}.\dfrac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{a+b}.\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{a+c}.\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b}+\dfrac{2a}{a+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{9}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\right)\)

\(a^2-ab+b^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)