BT5: Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< 1\)
1. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100}< 1\)
2. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1.2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4-1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99.100-1}{100!}< 2\)
1.
\(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{4-1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{100-1}{100!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{99!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{100!}< 1\)
2.
\(\dfrac{1.2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4-1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{100!}\)
Ta có:
\(=\dfrac{1.2}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4}{4!}-\dfrac{1}{4!}+...+\)\(\dfrac{99.100}{100!}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1.2}{2!}+\dfrac{2.3}{3!}+\dfrac{3.4}{4!}+...+\dfrac{99.100}{100!}\right)\)\(-\left(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+\dfrac{1}{2!}+...+\dfrac{1}{98!}\right)\)\(-\left(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{100!}\right)\)
\(=2-\dfrac{1}{99!}-\dfrac{1}{100!}< 2\)
Chứng Minh Rằng : A= \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}\) <\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Lời giải:
$A< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+..+\frac{1}{99.100}$
$A< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\frac{100-99}{99.100}$
$A< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}$
$A< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}$
Hay $A< \frac{3}{4}$
Cho A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\)+....+\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}\). Chứng minh rằng A<\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)
chứng minh rằng :\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< 1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}...\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{99}{100}\) Vì \(\dfrac{99}{100}< 1\Rightarrow A< 1\)
chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
1/4^2 + 1/5^2 +... + 1/100^2 < 1/3.4 + 1/4.5 +...+ 1/99.100
A=1/3 - 1/4 + 1/4 - 1/5 +...+ 1/99 - 1/100
=1/3 - 1/100 < 1/3
Bài 7:
Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{3}{10}< \dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{2}.\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}>\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}>\dfrac{1}{4\cdot5}=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{100}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}-\dfrac{1}{101}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{101}=\dfrac{98}{303}>\dfrac{90.9}{303}=\dfrac{3}{10}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
=>\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{49}{100}< \dfrac{50}{100}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(\dfrac{3}{10}< \dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
chứng minh rằng
a , \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{512}-\dfrac{1}{1024}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
b , \(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\) < \(\dfrac{3}{16}\)
a: Đặt \(A=\frac12-\frac14+\frac18-\frac{1}{16}+\cdots-\frac{1}{1024}\)
=>\(A=\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(2A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}\)
=>\(2A+A=1-\frac12+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^9}+\frac12-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\cdots-\frac{1}{2^{10}}\)
=>\(3A=1-\frac{1}{2^{10}}<1\)
=>\(A<\frac13\)
b: Đặt \(B=\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(3B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3B+B=1-\frac23+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac13-\frac{2}{3^2}+\cdots+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(A=-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(3A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
=>\(3A+A=-1+\frac13-\frac{1}{3^2}+\cdots-\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\cdots+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(4A=-1-\frac{1}{3^{99}}=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{3^{99}}\)
=>\(A=\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}\)
Ta có: \(4B=1-\frac13+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{3^4}-...-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(=1+\frac{-3^{99}-1}{4\cdot3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}=1+\frac{-3^{100}-3-400}{4\cdot3^{100}}=1-\frac14-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}=\frac34-\frac{403}{4\cdot3^{100}}\)
=>\(4B<\frac34\)
=>\(B<\frac{3}{16}\)
a, Chứng tỏ rằng: \(\dfrac{12n+1}{30n+2}\) là phân số tối giản.
b, Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< 1\)
a) Gọi ƯCLN(12n+1,30n+2) là d
12n+1⋮d ⇒ 60n+5⋮d
30n+2⋮d ⇒ 60n+4⋮d
(60n+5)-(60n+4)⋮d
1⋮d
Vậy \(\dfrac{12n+1}{30n+2}\) là ps tối giản
b) Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};...;\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
BT5 : Chứng minh
2) \(\dfrac{3}{5}< \dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+....+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}< \dfrac{4}{5}\)
Giải:
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}\)
Ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
Nhận xét:
\(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}< \dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{30}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}< \dfrac{1}{40}+\dfrac{1}{40}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}< \dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{47}{60}< \dfrac{48}{60}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{4}{5}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}>\dfrac{1}{40}+\dfrac{1}{40}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}>\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}>\dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{37}{60}>\dfrac{36}{60}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{3}{5}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{5}< A< \dfrac{4}{5}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{3}{5}< \dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}< \dfrac{4}{5}\) (Đpcm)
Đặt A=131+132+133+...+159+160A=131+132+133+...+159+160
Ta có:
A=131+132+133+...+159+160A=131+132+133+...+159+160
⇒A=(131+132+...+140)+(141+142+...+150)+(151+152+...+160)⇒A=(131+132+...+140)+(141+142+...+150)+(151+152+...+160)
Nhận xét:
131+132+...+140<130+130+...+130=13131+132+...+140<130+130+...+130=13
141+142+...+150<140+140+...+140=14141+142+...+150<140+140+...+140=14
151+152+...+160<150+150+...+150=15151+152+...+160<150+150+...+150=15
⇒A<13+14+15=4760<4860=45⇒A<13+14+15=4760<4860=45
⇒A<45(1)⇒A<45(1)
Lại có:
131+132+...+140>140+140+...+140=14131+132+...+140>140+140+...+140=14
141+142+...+150>150+150+...+150=15141+142+...+150>150+150+...+150=15
151+152+...+160>160+160+...+160=16151+152+...+160>160+160+...+160=16
⇒A>14+15+16=3760>3660=35⇒A>14+15+16=3760>3660=35
⇒A>35(2)⇒A>35(2)
Từ (1)(1) và (2)(2)
⇒35<A<45⇒35<A<45
Vậy 35<131+132+133+...+159+160<4535<131+132+133+...+159+160<45