Qui tắc rút gọn một phân thức đại số.

- Phân tích tử và mẫu thành nhân tử (nếu cần) để tìm nhân tử chung.

- Chia cả tử và mẫu cho nhân tử chung đó.

Rút gọn:

ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2-1\ne0\\8x^3+1\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\ne\pm\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(P=\dfrac{2x^5-x^4-2x+1}{4x^2-1}+\dfrac{8x^2-4x+2}{8x^3+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x^4-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)\left(4x^2-2x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^4-1}{2x+1}+\dfrac{2}{2x+1}=\dfrac{x^4+1}{2x+1}\)

https://sg.docworkspace.com/l/sIM-LioBEocfloAY

\(a.\)

\(\dfrac{16x^2-1}{16x^2-8x+1}\\ =\dfrac{\left(4x\right)^2-1}{\left(4x-1\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(4x-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)}{\left(4x-1\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{4x+1}{4x-1}\)

\(b.\)

\(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy+y^2}{-\left(4x^2-y^2\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{\left(2x-y\right)^2}{\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(2x-y\right)}{2x+y}\\ =\dfrac{y-2x}{y+2x}\)

a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{16x^2-1}{16x^2-8x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(4x-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)}{\left(4x-1\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{4x+1}{4x-1}\)

b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy+y^2}{y^2-4x^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(2x-y\right)^2}{\left(y-2x\right)\left(y+2x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(y-2x\right)^2}{\left(y-2x\right)\left(y+2x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{y-2x}{y+2x}\)

\(\dfrac{x^3+64}{2x^3-8x^2+32x}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}{2x\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+4}{2x}\)

\(\dfrac{x^3+64}{2x^3-8x^3+32x}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}{2x\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+4}{2x}\)

Hướng dẫn giải:

\(\dfrac{8x^3+y^3}{y^3+2xy^2+y^2-4x^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x+y\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(y^3+2xy^2\right)+\left(y^2-4x^2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x+y\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{y^2\left(y+2x\right)+\left(y-2x\right)\left(y+2x\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(y+2x\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(y+2x\right)\left(y^2+y-2x\right)}\\ =\dfrac{4x^2-2xy+y^2}{y^2+y-2x}\)

\(\dfrac{8x^3+y^3}{y^3+2xy^2+y^2-4x^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(2x+y\right)\left(4x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{y^2\left(y+2x\right)+\left(y+2x\right)\left(y-2x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4x^2-2xy+y^2}{y^2+y-2x}\)

Câu 5: B

Câu 6: 

a: ĐKXĐ: \(x-2\ne0\)

=>\(x\ne2\)

b: ĐKXĐ: \(x+1\ne0\)

=>\(x\ne-1\)

8:

\(A=\dfrac{x^2+4}{3x^2-6x}+\dfrac{5x+2}{3x}-\dfrac{4x}{3x^2-6x}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2+4-4x}{3x\left(x-2\right)}+\dfrac{5x+2}{3x}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{3x\left(x-2\right)}+\dfrac{5x+2}{3x}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-2+5x+2}{3x}=\dfrac{6x}{3x}=2\)

7: 

\(\dfrac{8x^3yz}{24xy^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{8xy\cdot x^2z}{8xy\cdot3y}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2z}{3y}\)