a/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)

b/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)

b)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz, ta có:

\(\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{9}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\times\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c.

a. Đề bài sai (thực chất là nó đúng 1 cách hiển nhiên nhưng "dạng" thế này nó sai sai vì ko ai cho kiểu này cả)

Ta có: \(abc=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow abc\ge27\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+5abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+5.27>>>>>8\)

b. 

\(4=ab+bc+ca+abc=ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{ab.bc.ca}\le ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)^3}\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}=t\Rightarrow t^3+3t^2-4\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+2\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow t\ge1\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge3\)

- TH1: nếu \(a+b+c\ge4\)

Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=4-abc\le4\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+5abc\ge4^2-2.4+0=8\)

(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;2;0\right)\) và các hoán vị)

- TH2: nếu \(3\le a+b+c< 4\)

Đặt \(a+b+c=p\ge3;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\)

\(P=p^2-2q+5r=p^2-2q+5\left(4-q\right)=p^2-7q+20\)

Áp dụng BĐT Schur:

\(4=q+r\ge q+\dfrac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\Leftrightarrow q\le\dfrac{p^3+36}{4p+9}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge p^2-\dfrac{7\left(p^3+36\right)}{4p+9}+20=\dfrac{3\left(4-p\right)\left(p-3\right)\left(p+4\right)}{4p+9}+8\ge8\)

(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\))

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(AM-GM\) cho 2 số dương ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\\\dfrac{b+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{bc}\\\dfrac{a+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ac}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng theo 3 vế ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}+\dfrac{a+c}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{1}{2}b+\dfrac{1}{2}c+\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(a-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2ab\\b^2+c^2=2bc\\a^2+c^2=2ac\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng theo 3 vế ta có:

\(a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2+a^2+c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)

Ngược lại,khi \(a\ne b\ne c\) thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2>2ab\\b^2+c^2>2bc\\a^2+c^2>2ac\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có thể dễ dàng cm được \(a^2+b^2+c^2>ab+bc+ac\)

Ta có : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow\left|a\right|;\left|b\right|;\left|c\right|\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow-1\le a;b;c\le1\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+abc+1\ge0\left(1\right)\)

Lại có : \(\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)+1\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\right)+1\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c+1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+a+b+c+1\ge0\left(2\right)\)

Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow abc+2\left(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c+1\right)\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\frac{a}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{b}{c^2+ca+a^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{a^2}{ab^2+abc+ac^2}+\frac{b^2}{bc^2+abc+ba^2}+\frac{c^2}{ca^2+abc+cb^2}\)     (1)

Áp dụng BDT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(1\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab^2+ac^2+ba^2+bc^2+ca^2+cb^2+3abc}\)

Lại có: \(ab^2+ac^2+ba^2+bc^2+ca^2+cb^2+3abc=\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Thay vào -> dpcm