a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+24b=1,26\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,12\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot27}{1,26}\cdot100\%\approx42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,02\cdot133,5=2,67\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,03\cdot95=2,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=40\cdot1,25=50\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,06\cdot2=0,12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=51,14\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2,67}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,22\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{2,85}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2

x------2x--------x---------x

2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2

y---------3y-----y--------3\2y

ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=11,7\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x=0,15 mol, y=0,3 mol

=>%mMg=\(\dfrac{0,15.24}{11,7}.100=30,77\%\)

=>%mAl=100-30,77=69,23%

b)

m HCl=1,2.36,5=43,8g

=>C%=\(\dfrac{43,8}{200}.100\)=21,9%

Bài 1:

a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)

\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)

\(a) n_{Mg}= a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b =2,55(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = b = 0,05\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,05.24}{2,55}.100\% = 47,06\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} =100\% -47,06\% = 52,94\%\\ b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,125.2 = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,25.36,5}{7,3\%} = 125(gam)\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{125}{1,2} = 104,17(ml)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)

\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.Chấtrắnkhôngtan:Cu\\ \%m_{Cu}=54,24\%\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=\dfrac{91,25.20\%}{36,5}\\56x+24y=23,6-12,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=35,59\%\\\%m_{Mg}=10,17\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,4=0,8(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow 2x+3y=0,8(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\)

\(a,\Sigma n_{H_2}=x+1,5y=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ b,m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,m_{dd_{HCl}}=400.1,12=448(g)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=0,1(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{5,6+448-0,1.2}.100\%=2,8\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{5,4+448-0,3.2}.100\%=5,9\%\)

nH2= 8,96/22,4=0,4(mol)

gọi số mol Fe là: x; số mol Mg là: y ; ta có:

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2

x --> x

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2

y --> y

ta có: x+ y = 0,4 (1)

56x + 24y = 16 (2)

từ (1) và (2) --> x=0,2 ; y= 0,2

--> mFe= 56.0,2=11,2(g)

--> mMg = 16-11,2=4,8(g)

a, Ta có: 24n_Mg + 56n_Fe = 9,2 (g) (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

BT e, có: 2n_Mg + 2n_Fe = 2n_H2 = 0,5 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%\approx39,13\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx60,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)