a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+24b=1,26\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,12\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02\cdot27}{1,26}\cdot100\%\approx42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,02\cdot133,5=2,67\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,03\cdot95=2,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=40\cdot1,25=50\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,06\cdot2=0,12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=51,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2,67}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,22\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{2,85}{51,14}\cdot100\%\approx5,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
