Lời giải:

$P=\frac{2\sin x-\cos x}{\sin x+\cos x}=\frac{2.\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}-1}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}+1}=\frac{2\tan x-1}{\tan x+1}$

$=\frac{2.3-1}{3+1}=\frac{5}{4}$

a,

\(\cos^3x-\sin^3x=\cos x+\sin x\\ < =>\cos^3x-\cos x=\sin^3x-\sin x\\ < =>\cos x\left(\cos^2x-1\right)=\sin x\left(\sin^2x-1\right)\\ < =>\cos x.\left(-\sin^2x\right)=\sin x.\left(-\cos^2x\right)\\ < =>\dfrac{1}{cosx}=\dfrac{1}{sinx}\)

b,

\(2sinx+2\sqrt{3}cosx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{cosx}+\dfrac{1}{sinx}\\ < =>2sinx-\dfrac{1}{sinx}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{cosx}-2\sqrt{3}cosx\\ < =>\dfrac{2sin^2x-1}{sinx}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}.cosx.\left(1-2cos^2x\right)}{cosx}\\ < =>\dfrac{cos2x}{sinx}=\sqrt{3}.cos2x\\ < =>\dfrac{1}{sinx}=\sqrt{3}\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}sinx\ne1\\sinx\ne-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x\ne-\frac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\x\ne\frac{7\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx-sin2x=\sqrt{3}\left(1+sinx-2sin^2x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx-sin2x=\sqrt{3}\left(cos2x+sinx\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}sinx-cosx=sin2x+\sqrt{3}cos2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx-\frac{1}{2}cosx=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}cos2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b/ ĐKXĐ: \(cosx+\sqrt{3}sinx\ne0\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\ne0\Rightarrow...\)

Đặt \(cosx+\sqrt{3}sinx=2sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=a\) với \(-2\le a\le2\):

\(a=\frac{3}{a}+1\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}>2\left(l\right)\\a=\frac{1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\frac{1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\frac{1-\sqrt{13}}{4}=sin\alpha\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{\pi}{6}=\alpha+k2\pi\\x+\frac{\pi}{6}=\pi-\alpha+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=...\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x\ne-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\x\ne\dfrac{7\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{cosx-2sinx.cosx}{1-2sin^2x+sinx}=\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{cosx-sin2x}{cos2x+sinx}=\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow cosx-sin2x=\sqrt{3}cos2x+\sqrt{3}sinx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx-\sqrt{3}sinx=\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}cosx-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}cos2x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=cos\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}=x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\2x-\dfrac{\pi}{6}=-x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\left(loại\right)\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{18}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ : \(sinx\ne1;-\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\dfrac{\pi}{2}+2k\pi\\x\ne\dfrac{-\pi}{6}+2k\pi;\dfrac{7\pi}{6}+2k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)   

\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne\dfrac{-\pi}{6}+\dfrac{2}{3}k\pi\)( k thuộc Z ) 

P/t đã cho \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{cosx-sin2x}{1-2sin^2x+sinx}=\sqrt{3}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx-sin2x=\sqrt{3}\left(cos2x+sinx\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cosx-\sqrt{3}sinx=\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}cosx-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}cos2x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=cos\left(2x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}+2k\pi\\2x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=-x-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+2k\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) ( k thuộc Z ) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+2k\pi\\x=\dfrac{-\pi}{6}+\dfrac{2}{3}k\pi\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

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