a: \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=74\cdot100=7400\)

c: \(=\left(x+2\right)^3\)

\(=10^3=1000\)

a) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

    Thay \(x=87;y=13\) ta đc:   \(\left(87-13\right)\left(87+13\right)=74\cdot100=7400\)

b)\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=x^3-y^3\)

   Thay \(x=10;y=-1\) ta đc:

    \(10^3-\left(-1\right)^3=1000-1=999\)

c)\(=\left(x+2\right)^3\)

   Thay \(x=8\) ta đc: \(\left(8+2\right)^3=10^3=1000\)

d)\(=x^2-8x+16+1=\left(x-4\right)^2+1\)

   Thay \(x=104\) ta đc: \(\left(104-4\right)^2+1=100^2+1=10001\)

Bài 13:

a) \(501^2\)

\(=\left(500+1\right)^2\)

\(=500^2+2\cdot500\cdot1+1^2\)

\(=250000+1000+1\)

\(=251001\)

b) \(88^2+24\cdot88+12^2\)

\(=88^2+2\cdot12\cdot88+12^2\)

\(=\left(88+12\right)^2\)

\(=100^2\)

\(=10000\)

c) \(52\cdot48\)

\(=\left(50+2\right)\left(50-2\right)\)

\(=50^2-2^2\)

\(=2500-4\)

\(=2496\)

Bài 14:

a) \(P=\left(2x-1\right)\left(4x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(P=\left(2x\right)^3-1+x^3+1\)

\(P=8x^3+x^3\)

\(P=9x^3\)

b) \(Q=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2y^3\)

\(Q=x^3-y^3-x^3-y^3+2y^3\)

\(Q=-2y^3+2y^3\)

\(Q=0\)

Bài `14`

`a. P = ( 2x - 1 ) ( 4x^2 + 2x + 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ( x^2 -x+1)`

`=(2x)^3-1^3 + x^3+1^3`

`=8x^3-1+x^3+1`

`= 9x^3`

__

`b, Q = ( x - y ) ( x^2 + xy + y^2 ) - ( x + y ) ( x^2 - xy + y^2)+2y^3`

`=x^3-y^3 -(x^3+y^3)+2y^3`

`=x^3-y^3 -x^3-y^3+2y^3`

`= 0`

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{4+9}=\dfrac{13}{13}=1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=4\\y^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm2\\y=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì x và y là hai đại lượng tỉ lệ thuận nên  x 1 x 2 = y 1 y 2  hay

  y 1 1 3 = 12 1 6 ⇒ y 1 = 24

Đáp án cần chọn là A

\(C=x^2+y^2+4x-6y+1\)

\(=x^2+4x+4+y^2-6y+9-12\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+1\)

\(=30^2+10^2+1\)

=1001

6: \(-x^2y\left(xy^2-\dfrac{1}{2}xy+\dfrac{3}{4}x^2y^2\right)\)

\(=-x^3y^3+\dfrac{1}{2}x^3y^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x^4y^3\)

7: \(\dfrac{2}{3}x^2y\cdot\left(3xy-x^2+y\right)\)

\(=2x^3y^2-\dfrac{2}{3}x^4y+\dfrac{2}{3}x^2y^2\)

8: \(-\dfrac{1}{2}xy\left(4x^3-5xy+2x\right)\)

\(=-2x^4y+\dfrac{5}{2}x^2y^2-x^2y\)

9: \(2x^2\left(x^2+3x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=2x^4+6x^3+x^2\)

10: \(-\dfrac{3}{2}x^4y^2\left(6x^4-\dfrac{10}{9}x^2y^3-y^5\right)\)

\(=-9x^8y^2+\dfrac{5}{3}x^6y^5+\dfrac{3}{2}x^4y^7\)

11: \(\dfrac{2}{3}x^3\left(x+x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x^5\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}x^3+\dfrac{2}{3}x^5-\dfrac{1}{2}x^8\)

12: \(2xy^2\left(xy+3x^2y-\dfrac{2}{3}xy^3\right)=2x^2y^3+6x^3y^3-\dfrac{4}{3}x^2y^5\)

13: \(3x\left(2x^3-\dfrac{1}{3}x^2-4x\right)=6x^4-x^3-12x^2\)

Ta có:  x 2 –  y 2  = (x + y)(x – y)

Thay x = 87, y = 13, ta được:

x 2  –  y 2  = (x + y)(x – y)

             = (87 + 13)(87 – 13)

             = 100.74 = 7400

\(2x+3y=13\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{13-2x}{3}\)

\(Q=x^2+\left(\dfrac{13-2x}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{13}{9}x^2-\dfrac{52}{9}x+\dfrac{169}{9}\)

\(Q=\dfrac{13}{9}\left(x-2\right)^2+13\ge13\)

\(Q_{min}=13\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Chọn B