a)-12.(x-5)+7.(3-x)=15

-12x+60+21-7x=15

-19x+81=15

-19x=15-81

-19x=-66

=>x=66/19

b)30.(x+2)-6.(x-5)-24x=100

30x+30.2-6x-(-5.6)-24x=100

30x+60-6x+30-24x=100

(30x-6x-24x)+60+30=100

x(30-6-24)+90=100

x.0=100-90

x.0=10(loại)

=> x thuộc tập hợp rỗng

b) x(x-4) - 2x+8 = 0
    x(x-4) - 2(x-4) = 0
    (x-2) (x-4) = 0
TH1: x-2=0              TH2: x-4=0
            x=2                          x=4
Vậy x\(\in\){2;4}

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-\left(x+5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(x-6\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-1-2x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ e,\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1-x-5\right)\left(3x-1+x+5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-6\right)\left(4x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\\ f,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x-12\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+16\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{63}{4}=0\left(vô.n_0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b) x(x-4)-2x+8=0

x(x-4)-2(x-4)=0

(x-4)(x-2)=0

th1: x-4=0

x=4

th2: x-2=0

x=2

Vậy x thuộc tập hợp 4;-2

Bài 1.

a ) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+3x+1+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

Vậy \(x=-2\)

b ) \(x^4-2x^3+2x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-1-2x\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)-2x\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1-2x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^3=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(x^3+3x^2+3x+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x\right)+\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x^2+x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(x^4-2x^3+2x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-x^3\right)-\left(x^3-x^2\right)-\left(x^2-x\right)+\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[\left(x^3-x^2\right)\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

a ) x^3+3x^2+3x+2=0x3+3x2+3x+2=0

\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+3x+1+1=0⇔x3+3x2+3x+1+1=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3+1=0⇔(x+1)3+1=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=-1⇔(x+1)3=−1

\Leftrightarrow x+1=-1⇔x+1=−1

\Leftrightarrow x=-2⇔x=−2

Vậy x=-2x=−2

b ) x^4-2x^3+2x-1=0x4−2x3+2x−1=0

\Leftrightarrow x^4-1-2x\left(x^2-1\right)=0⇔x4−1−2x(x2−1)=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)-2x\left(x^2-1\right)=0⇔(x2−1)(x2+1)−2x(x2−1)=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1-2x\right)=0⇔(x2−1)(x2+1−2x)=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2=0⇔(x−1)(x+1)(x−1)2=0

\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3\left(x+1\right)=0⇔(x−1)3(x+1)=0

\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^3=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.⇔[(x−1)3=0x+1=0​⇔[x−1=0x=−1​

\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.⇔[x=1x=−1​

Vậy \left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.[x=1x=−1​  

\(2x^2-7x+5=0\)

\(2x^2-2x-5x+5=0\)

\(2x\left(x-1\right)-5\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\2x=5\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\x=\frac{5}{2}\end{array}\right.\)

\(x\left(2x-5\right)-4x+10=0\)

\(x\left(2x-5\right)-2\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

\(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-2=0\\2x-5=0\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=2\\2x=5\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=2\\x=\frac{5}{2}\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x-2\right)=15\)

\(x^2-25-x^2+2x=15\)

\(2x=15+25\)

\(2x=40\)

\(x=\frac{40}{2}\)

\(x=20\)

\(x^2\left(2x-3\right)-12+8x=0\)

\(x^2\left(2x-3\right)+4\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

\(\left(2x-3\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=0\)

\(2x-3=0\) (vì \(x^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+4\ge4>0\))

\(2x=3\)

\(x=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(x\left(x-1\right)+5x-5=0\)

\(x\left(x-1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-1=0\\x+5=0\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=1\\x=-5\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left(2x-3\right)^2-4x\left(x-1\right)=5\)

\(4x^2-12x+9-4x^2+4x=5\)

\(-8x=5-9\)

\(-8x=-4\)

\(x=\frac{4}{8}\)

\(x=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(x\left(5-2x\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)=13\)

\(5x-2x^2+2x^2-2x=13\)

\(3x=13\)

\(x=\frac{13}{3}\)

\(2\left(x+5\right)\left(2x-5\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(5-2x\right)=0\)

\(\left(2x+10\right)\left(2x-5\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

\(\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+10-x+1\right)=0\)

\(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+11\right)=0\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}2x-5=0\\x+11=0\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}2x=5\\x=-11\end{array}\right.\)

\(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=\frac{5}{2}\\x=-11\end{array}\right.\)

\(a,2x^2-7x+5=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x-5x+5=0\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-1\right)-5\left(x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\2x=5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2,5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(b,x\left(2x-5\right)-4x+10=0\Rightarrow x\left(2x-5\right)-2\left(2x-5\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-5\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2x=5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=2,5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(c,\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x-2\right)=15\Leftrightarrow x^2-25-x^2+2x-15=0\Leftrightarrow2x-40=0\Rightarrow2x=40\Rightarrow x=20\)\(d,x^2\left(2x-3\right)-12+8x=0\Rightarrow2x^3-3x^2-12+8x=0\Leftrightarrow2x^3+8x-3x^2-12=0\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2+4\right)-2\left(x^2+4\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-2=0\\x^2+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=2\\x^2=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\)

Bài 2: 

a: \(A=x^2+8x\)

\(=x^2+8x+16-16\)

\(=\left(x+4\right)^2-16\ge-16\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-4

b: \(B=-2x^2+8x-15\)

\(=-2\left(x^2-4x+\dfrac{15}{2}\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x^2-4x+4+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x-2\right)^2-7\le-7\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2

c: \(C=x^2-4x+7\)

\(=x^2-4x+4+3\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+3\ge3\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2

e: \(E=x^2-6x+y^2-2y+12\)

\(=x^2-6x+9+y^2-2y+1+2\)

\(=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=1

a) \(x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-4x^2+4x+4x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là: \(x=\left\{1;2\right\}\)

b: =>2x^3+2x^2-3x^2-3x+6x+6=0

=>(x+1)(2x^2-3x+6)=0

=>x+1=0

=>x=-1

c: =>(x^2+x)^2+(x^2+x)-6=0

=>(x^2+x-2)=0

=>(x+2)(x-1)=0

=>x=1 hoặc x=-2

d: =>(x^2-4x-3)(x^2-4x-5)=0

=>(x-5)(x+1)(x^2-4x-3)=0

hay \(x\in\left\{2+\sqrt{7};2-\sqrt{7};5;-1\right\}\)