a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,45}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Al dư, O₂ hết

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

            0,4<--0,3-------->0,2

=> \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,4\right).27=1,35\left(g\right)\)

b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

\(4Na+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Na_2O\)

0,2       0,3      0

0,2       0,05    0,1

0          0,25    0,1

Chất dư: \(O_2\) và có \(m_{O_2dư}=0,25\cdot32=8g\)

\(m_{Na_2O}=0,1\cdot62=6,2g\)

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m_{Na}}{M_{Na}}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)

0,2  <   0,3                    ( mol )

0,2        0,05      0,1                ( mol )

Chất còn dư là O2

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}.M_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,05\right).32=8g\)

\(m_{Na_2O}=n_{Na_2O}.M_{Na_2O}=0,1.62=6,2g\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12.6}{56}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4.2}{22.4}=0.1875\left(mol\right)\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)

\(3.........2\)

\(0.225......0.1875\)

Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.225}{3}< \dfrac{0.1875}{2}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.1875-0.225\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot32=1.2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0.225}{3}\cdot232=17.4\left(g\right)\)

nP = 6.2/31 = 0.2 (mol) 

nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol) 

4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5 

0.2___0.25_____0.1

mO2 dư = ( 0.3 - 0.25) * 32 = 1.6(g) 

mP2O5 = 0.1*142 = 14.2 (g) 

Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.29mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3mol\)

PTHH:

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{n_{P\left(bra\right)}}{nP_{\left(pthh\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{4}=0.05\\\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(bra\right)}}{n_{O_2}\left(pthh\right)}=\dfrac{0.3}{5}=0.06\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(O_2\) dư 

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

4   ----------->2                

0.2---------->0.1=n_P2O5

=>\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0.1=14.2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\) 
          0,4                0,2 
\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0,2=28,4g\) 
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{17}{32}=0,53\left(mol\right)\)  
\(pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,4}{4}< \dfrac{0,53}{5}\) 
=> O2 dư 
\(n_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(d\right)}=\left(0,53-0,5\right).32=0,96g\)

`4P + 5O_2` $\xrightarrow[]{t^o}$ `2P_2 O_5`

`0,4`    `0,5`              `0,2`              `(mol)`

`n_P = [ 12,4 ] / 31 = 0,4 (mol)`

`a) m_[P_2 O_5] = 0,2 . 142 = 28,4 (g)`

`b) n_[O_2] = 17 / 32 = 0,53125 (mol)`

Ta có: `[ 0,4 ] / 4 < [ 0,53125 ] / 5`

     `->O_2` dư

`=> m_[O_2 (dư)] = ( 0,53125 - 0,5 ) . 32 = 1(g)`

\(a)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\)

Do đó, Oxi dư.

\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ b)\\ n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{n_P}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

a. PTHH: 2Mg + O₂ ---> 2MgO

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\)

Vậy oxi dư, magie hết.

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{O_{2_{dư}}}=0,5.32-0,05,32=14,4\left(g\right)\)

b. Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow2P_2O_5\)

tpứ:    0,2     0,35     

pứ:     0,2     0,25     0,1

spứ:     0     0,1         0,1

a)chất còn dư là oxi

\(m_{O_2dư}=n.M\)=0,1.32=3,2(g)

b)\(m_{P_2O_5}=n.M\)=0,1.142=14,2(g)