Lời giải:

Ta có \(\frac{2016c-2017b}{2015}=\frac{2017a-2015c}{2016}=\frac{2015b-2016a}{2017}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2015.2016c-2015.2017b}{2015^2}=\frac{2016.2017a-2016.2015c}{2016^2}=\frac{2017.2015b-2017.2016a}{2017^2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\( \frac{2015.2016c-2015.2017b}{2015^2}=\frac{2016.2017a-2016.2015c}{2016^2}=\frac{2017.2015b-2017.2016a}{2017^2}\)

\(=\frac{2015.2016c-2015.2017b+2016.2017a-2016.2015c+2017.2015b-2017.2016a}{2015^2+2016^2+2017^2}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2015.2016c-2015.2017b=0\\ 2016.2017a-2016.2015c=0\\ 2017.2015b-2016.2016a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 2016c=2017b\\ 2017a=2015c\\ 2015b=2016a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{a}{2015}=\frac{b}{2016}=\frac{c}{2017}\)

Ta có đpcm.

\(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\)

AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow2ab\le2\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\Leftrightarrow4034ab\le4034\)

Hay: \(M\ge\dfrac{4}{4032+4034}=\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)

\(M=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2016b^2+2017ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2017.2ab}\)

\(M\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2017\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\frac{2}{4033}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)

Chứng minh \(\frac{m^2}{p}+\frac{n^2}{q}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{p+q}\) với \(p,q>0\)(*) (dễ chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương).

Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán, ta có:

\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)

\(=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{\left(b^2\right)^2}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)(1)

Mà \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)nên \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034.\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=\frac{2^2}{2016.2+4034.\frac{2}{2}}=\frac{2}{4033}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(M\ge\frac{2}{4033}.\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=1.\)

Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{2}{4033}\)khi \(a=b=1.\)

M=\(\left[\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{a\left(2016a+2017b\right)}{4033^2}\right]+\left[\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}+\frac{b\left(2017a+2016b\right)}{4033^2}\right]-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}{4033^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{2a^2}{4033}+\frac{2b^2}{4033}-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}{4033^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4033}=\frac{2}{4033}\)

dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=1

Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\) (Theo BĐT cô si;a,b dương)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\) (Vì \(a^2+b^2=2\))

\(\Rightarrow4034ab\le4034\Rightarrow4032+4034ab\le8066\) (1)

Lại có: \(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\) (2)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si dạng engel vào (2) được:

\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M\ge\dfrac{2^2}{2016\cdot2+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\) ( vì \(a^2+b^2=2\)) (3)

Từ (1);(3)\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)

Vậy min \(M=\dfrac{2}{4033}\) khi a=b=1

Vì a ; b dương , áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương , ta có :

\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le1\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số , ta có :

\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab+2017ab+2016b^2}=\frac{4}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)

\(\ge\frac{4}{2016.2+4034.1}=\frac{4}{8066}=\frac{2}{4033}\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Đặt:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\dfrac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

\(\dfrac{2016a-2017b}{2017c+2018d}=\dfrac{2016bk-2017b}{2017dk+2018d}=\dfrac{b\left(2016k-2017\right)}{d\left(2017k+2018\right)}\)

\(\dfrac{2016c-2017d}{2017a+2018b}=\dfrac{2016dk-2017d}{2017bk+2018b}=\dfrac{d\left(2016k-2017\right)}{b\left(2017k+2018\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2016a-2017b}{2017c+2018d}=\dfrac{2016c-2017d}{2017a+2018b}\)

\(\dfrac{7a^2+5ac}{7a^2-5ac}=\dfrac{7bk^2+5bdk^2}{7bk^2-5bdk^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(7b+5bd\right)}{k^2\left(7b-5bd\right)}=\dfrac{7b+5bd}{7b-5bd}\)

\(\dfrac{7b^2+5ab}{7b^2-5ab}=\dfrac{7b^2+5kb^2}{7b^2-5kb^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(7+5k\right)}{b^2\left(7-5k\right)}=\dfrac{7+5k}{7-5k}\)

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