\(10Al+36HNO_3\rightarrow10Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3N_2+H_2O\)

\(n_{N_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn e : 

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10\cdot n_{N_2}}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\cdot0.3=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=1\cdot27=27\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HNO_3}=12n_{N_2}=12\cdot0.3=3.6\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{HNO_3}}=\dfrac{3.6}{0.1}=36\left(M\right)\)

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) m_H2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)

=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)

Sửa lại câu c . 

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49.40}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:\)

                      \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

trc p/u :          0,3      0,2     

p/u :                0,2       0,2           0,2         0,2 

sau :                0,1       0             0,2              0,2         

-> Fe dư 

\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=0,3.56+49-0,4=65,4\left(g\right)\) ( ĐLBTKL ) 

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{65,4}.100\%\approx46,48\%\)

PTHH :

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

0,3      0,3           0,3           0,3 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(a,m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)

\(b,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)

\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{49.40}{100}}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddFeSO_4}=49+\left(0,2.56\right)-0,2.2=59,8\left(g\right)\)( định luật bảo toàn khối lượng )

\(C\%=\dfrac{30,4}{59,8}.100\%\approx50,84\%\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{74,37}{24,79}=3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=2.27=54\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=3.98=294\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

____0,1______0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)

a, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)

Đáp án A

Ÿ Sau phản ứng thu được 3 kim loại => Fe còn dư; Al, AgNO₃ và Cu(NO₃)₂ đều phản ứng hết; 3 kim loại thu được gồm Ag, Cu và Fe dư.

Ÿ Đặt số mol của AgNO₃ và Cu(NO₃)₂ lần lượt là a, b