a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1

b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:

\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)

Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)

Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:

\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)

Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:

\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1

b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1

c) \(P=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2.3}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1

\(a+b=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2ab=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab+2ab\le1\) (do \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\))

\(\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(A=a\left(a^2+2b\right)+b\left(b^2-a\right)\)

\(=a^3+2ab+b^3-ab\)

\(=a^3+b^3+ab\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+ab\)

\(=1^3-3ab+ab=1-2ab\ge1-2.\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(A_{min}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(a+b=1\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{2}+x;b=\dfrac{1}{2}+y\left(x+y=0\right)\)

có: \(A=a\left(a^2+2b\right)+b\left(b^2-a\right)=a^3+b^3+ab=a^2+b^2\\ =\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+x\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+y\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}+x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(a+2\right)\left(a-3\right)\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-6\le a\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-6\le b\) ; \(c^2-6\le c\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(M\ge a^2+b^2+c^2-18=4\)

Dấu '=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;3-2\right)\) và hoán vị

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi ta có:

`a^2+b^2>=2ab`

`b^2+c^2>=2bc`

`c^2+a^2>=2ca`

`=>2(a^2+b^2+c^2)>=2ab+2bc+2ca`

`=>3(a^2+b^2+c^2)>=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca`

`=>3A>=(a+b)^2=1`

`=>A>=1/3`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `a=b=c=1/3`

\(A=a^2+\dfrac{1}{16a^2}+b^2+\dfrac{1}{16b^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)

\(A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{16a^2}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{16b^2}}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)

\(A\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}.4\)

Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)

\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{ab+bc+ca}=1\)

\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}-2\)

Do \(a;b\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1=2-c\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge2-c+c\left(3-c\right)=-c^2+2c+2=c\left(2-c\right)+2\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{9}{2}-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;0\right);\left(2;1;0\right)\)