1. \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

2. \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

3. Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}3Fe+4H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{4}\), ta được Fe₃O₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.232=11,6\left(g\right)\)

1. \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

2. \(n_{zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}.M_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

3. \(2H_2+Fe_3O_4\rightarrow3Fe+2H_2O\)

2 mol------1 mol------3 mol--2 mol

\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m_{Fe_3O_4}}{M_{Fe_3O_4}}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}}{1}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}\)

\(\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}}{1}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}\)

Vậy không có chất nào dư cả

1. \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}2P_2O_5\)

2. Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{1,24}{31}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,02.142=2,84\left(g\right)\)

3. \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Phản ứng thế

\(b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,02.136=2,72(g)\\ V_{H_2}=0,02.22,4=0,448(l)\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

b) n Al= 8,1/27 =0,3(mol)

n H2 = 3/2 n Al = 0,45(mol)

V H2 = 0,45.22,4= 10,08 lít

c) n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,3 mol

m AlCl3 = 0,3.133,5 = 40,05(gam)

d) n HCl = 2n H2 = 0,9(mol)

=> V dd HCl = 0,9/0,5 = 1,8(lít)

a) Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

Phản ứng thế

b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

_____0,02------------>0,02-->0,02

=> m_ZnCl2 = 0,02.136 = 2,72(g)

=> V_H2 = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(l)

\(1,\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2,\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ 3,\\ m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,25=23,75\left(g\right)\\ 4,\\ H_2+CuO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,25.64=16\left(g\right)\)

1. \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

2. \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}\approx0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}\)

                \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

3. Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}\)

                     \(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}.M_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)

4. \(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n_{Cu}.M_{Cu}=0,25.64=16\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)

tỉ lệ        1     :     1       :       1            :  1

n(mol)     0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25

\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)