Ex 7:A. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, Cor D for each question.

Life in modern city truly causes a lot of nuisances. Firstly, citizens have to deal with traffic congestion every day. This problem is even worse in the rush hour when so many people run out to work and are stuck on the streets for hours. Next, high cost of living is also a serious issue in the city, especially in metropolitan cities. More and more people find it difficult to live on their modest salaries when prices are going up and up all the time. Financial pressure makes city dwellers become constantly stressed and tired. Finally, the polluted air caused by exhaust emission from millions of vehicles, construction dust and the lack of green trees negatively affect residents’ health. Many people suffer from respiratory problems such as cough, sore throat or asthma. Indeed, city life brings a number of difficulties as well as challenges to its citizens.

30. Traffic congestion( sự tăc nghẽn ) is even worse during ______ .

A: rush hours B: late in the afternoon C: early morning D: the night

31.Respiratory problems which people living in the city suffer from are ______.

A: asthma and headache B: sore throat and stress C: asthma and cough D: cough and cancer

32. Stress and tiredness are results of ______ .

A: traffic congestion B: polluted air C: lack of green trees D: financial pressure

33. How many problems of living in the city are mentioned in the paragraph ?

A: four B: one C: three D: two

B. Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Most of the greatest cities in the world are (23) ______ near oceans, rivers, or lakes. New York City, Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires are on the Atlantic Ocean, (24) ______ San Francisco, Tokyo, and Santiago are on the Pacific Ocean. Singapore is located on an island in the South China Sea and Venice is on an island in the Adriatic Sea. London is (25) ______ the Thames River. Paris is on the Seine River. Cairo is on the Nile River and Budapest is on the Danube River. Chicago, Cleveland, and Toronto are on the Great Lakes: Chicago on Lake Michigan, Cleveland on Lake Erie, and Toronto on Lake Ontario.

(26) ______ their location, most of these cities have famous (27) ______ associated with water. New York City has the Statue of Liberty Island. San Francisco has the Golden Gate Bridge and Venice has the Grand Canal, to name only a few.

23. A: lying B: set C: put D: located

24. A: but B: as C: while D: although

25. A: at B: in C: from D: on

26. A: Because of B: As C: Because D: Since

27 A: pictures B: landmarks C: monuments D: regions

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.

Living in a city has a number of drawbacks. Firstly, (23) ………. is the problem of traffic jams and traffic accidents. The increase in population and the increasing number of vehicles (24) ………..  many accidents to happen every day. Secondly, air pollution negatively affects (25) ………., and it also has bad influence on the environment. (26) ………. city dwellers suffer from coughing or breathing problems. Thirdly, the city is noisy, even at night. Noise pollution comes from the traffic and from construction sites. Building are always knocked (27) ………. and rebuilt. These factors contribute to making city life more difficult for its residents.

Question 23: A. the              B. it                                         C. here                       D. there

Question 24: A. caused       B. have caused                      C. will cause     D. would cause

Question 25: A. people health                                            B. people of health  

C. people’s health                                        D. health people

Question 26: A. More and less                                           B. More and fewer              

C. Fewer and fewer                                      D. More and more

Question 27: A. down          B. up                                       C. off                          D. out

Task 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. A _________ is a building that has been made stronger and protected against attack.

     A. setting              B. cathedral            C. fortress        D. limestone

2. Hue’s most outstanding attractions are the emperors’ ___________.

     A. graves              B. tombs                C. features        D. structures

3. People hope ___________ solutions will be taken to preserve our man-made wonders.

     A. annoying          B. comfortable        C. successful      D. effective

4. What should we do to __________ valuable things in pagodas and temples?

     A. destroy            B. protect                C. prevent         D. recommend

5. The hotel is beautifully ____________ in a quiet spot near the river.

     A. situated           B. conserved            C. placed           D. designed

Task 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1. A _________ is a building that has been made stronger and protected against attack.

     A. setting              B. cathedral            C. fortress        D. limestone

2. Hue’s most outstanding attractions are the emperors’ ___________.

     A. graves              B. tombs                C. features        D. structures

3. People hope ___________ solutions will be taken to preserve our man-made wonders.

     A. annoying          B. comfortable        C. successful      D. effective

4. What should we do to __________ valuable things in pagodas and temples?

     A. destroy            B. protect                C. prevent         D. recommend

5. The hotel is beautifully ____________ in a quiet spot near the river.

     A. situated           B. conserved            C. placed           D. designed

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

     Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but most are by private car.

     In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.

     In the US, large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars.

     Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long-distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.

     In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight goes by road.

     The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.

It is stated in the passage that the major problems of road transport in Britain and the US are __________.

A. speeding and bad roads

B. accidents and pollution

C. traffic jams and pollution

D. drink-driving and traffic jams

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

     Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but most are by private car.

     In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.

     In the US, large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars.

     Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long-distance coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.

     In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight goes by road.

     The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.

According to the information in paragraph 3, long-distance travellers in the US can choose from ___________ mode(s) of transport.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

V. Read the passage and choose the best option to answer each of the following questions.
In the UK, bus journeys are just boring and simply a necessity. This public means of transportation is often convenient when you live or work in the city centre, as you can avoid traffic jams by moving very quickly in the bus lanes, and do not have to pay to park the car. After all, though, taking the bus is just a necessary and tedious part of life: you board the bus, pay the driver and sit down or find a place to stand. Very boring.
In Latin America, however, bus trips can be very lively. For a start, long-distance buses put on films so that you have entertainment for at least some of the journey. Naturally, local transport does not show films but drivers usually switch on the radio and that can be a great way to hear new songs and new styles of music. Therefore, taking the bus doesn’t sound like fun but it is much more exciting than any UK bus journey.
(British Council)
21. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Buses in the UK are very convenient.
B. Bus journeys are different in the UK and in Latin America.
C. Bus journeys in the UK are boring.
D. Films are shown on long-distance buses in Latin America.
22. Public transport in the UK is convenient because you can avoid_________.
A. traffic accidents      B. policemen               C. traffic jams             D. bus lanes
23. The word “tedious” means_________.
A. not interesting        B. exciting                   C. wonderful               D. important
24. The phrasal verb “put on” in the first sentence of the second paragraph can be replaced with “_________”.
A. close                       B. wear                        C. play                         D. open
25. Which of the following statements is NOT MENTIONED about bus journeys in Latin America?
A. Passengers can entertain during their trip by watching films.
B. Drivers play new styles of music on the radio.
C. They are more exciting than bus trips in the UK.
D. They are more expensive than bus trips in the UK.