1.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y+x^3y+xy^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\x^4+y^2+xy\left(1+2x\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+y\right)+xy+xy\left(x^2+y\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\\left(x^2+y\right)^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=a\\xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+ab=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\a^2+b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}-a\left(a^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-a^3-\dfrac{1}{4}a=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a\left(a^2-a+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=0\\xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\xy=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Kết luận: Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\right);\left(1;-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\right\}\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^3-16\left(x+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^3-4\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\\1+\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^2=5\left(x+1\right)^2+5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=u\\\dfrac{2}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-16u=v^3-4v\\v^2=5u^2+4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-v^3=16u-4v\\4=v^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(u^3-v^3\right)=\left(16u-4v\right)\left(v^2-5u^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow21u^3-5u^2v-4uv^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u\left(7u-4v\right)\left(3u+v\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=0\Rightarrow v^2=4\\u=\dfrac{4v}{7}\Rightarrow4=v^2-5\left(\dfrac{4v}{7}\right)^2\\v=-3u\Rightarrow4=\left(-3u\right)^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow...\)

Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x+1}=a;\sqrt[3]{x-1}=b$ thì pt trở thành:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2+b^2+ab=1\\ a^3-b^3=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^2+ab+b^2=1\\ (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a^2+ab+b^2=1\\ a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (a-b)^2+3ab=1\\ a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a(-b)=1\\ a+(-b)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo đl Viet đảo thì $a,-b$ là nghiệm của pt $X^2-2X+1=0$

$\Rightarrow a=-b=1$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x+1}=1; \sqrt[3]{x-1}=-1$

$\Rightarrow x=0$

Vậy.........

ĐK: \(x\ge8\)

Đặt \(a=\sqrt[3]{x-1}\text{ (}a\ge\sqrt[3]{7}\text{)};\text{ }b=\sqrt{x-8}\text{ (}b\ge0\text{)}\Rightarrow x=b^2+8\)

\(a^3-b^2=x-1-\left(x-8\right)=7\text{ (*)}\)

\(pt\text{ thành }a^2-2a-\left(b^2+8-5\right)b-3\left(b^2+8\right)+31=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a\right)-\left(b^3+3b^2+3b\right)+7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(b+1\right)^3+a^3-b^2=0\)

Đặt \(b+1=c\text{ (}c\ge1\text{)}\)

\(pt\text{ thành }a^3-c^3+\left(a-1\right)^2-\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left(a^2+ac+c^2\right)+\left(a-c\right)\left(a+c-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left[a^2+c^2+a+c+ac-2\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\text{ (do }a^2+c^2+a+c+ac-2>0\text{ với mọi }a\ge\sqrt[3]{7};c\ge1\text{)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\Leftrightarrow a=b+1\)

Thay \(b=a-1\) vào \(\left(\text{*}\right)\)ta được

\(a^3-\left(a-1\right)^2=7\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a^2+a+4\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-2=0\text{ hoặc }a^2+a+4=0\text{ (vô nghiệm)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{x-1}=2\Leftrightarrow x=9\)

Kết luận: \(x=9\).

a)\(3\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}-1\right)=x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{2x^2+1-1}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}\right)-x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6x^2}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}-x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{6x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}-\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\dfrac{6x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}=1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{2x^2+1}\\b=3x\end{matrix}\right.\left(a>0\right)\) thì

\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2b}{a+1}=1+b+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-17\\b=120\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-8\\b=49\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-5\\b=26\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-0\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (loại vì \(a>0\))

Hay pt vô nghiệm

phần a liên hợp nhưng cx có yếu tố đặt ẩn là done r` nhé ;v còn phần b dg nghĩ có lẽ liên hợp nốt mà chủ thớt khó quá:v

e có 1 cách ngoài liên hợp cho câu b, rất đơn giản( nhưng dễ nhầm ) , đó là lập phương liên tiếp :v =))

a/ \(2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=3\sqrt{x^3+8}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x^2-6x+4=3\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+2\left(x^2-2x+4\right)=3\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}\)

Chia 2 vế cho x² - 2x + 4 ta được:

\(\left(-2\right).\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x+4}+2=3\sqrt{\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x+4}}\)

Đặt \(a=\sqrt{\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x+4}}\left(a\ge0\right)\) ta được:

\(-2a^2-3a+2=0\Rightarrow\left(1-2a\right)\left(a+2\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{2}\left(n\right)\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(a=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x+4}}=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{x+2}{x^2-2x+4}=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-6x-4=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3+\sqrt{13}\\x=3-\sqrt{13}\end{cases}}\) (cái này tính denta là ra kết quả thôi)

                                                        Vậy có 2 nghiệm trên

câu b, c tương tự thôi

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3-9x^2+4+2\sqrt{x^3-3x^2+3}=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^3-3x^2+3}=t\ge0\Rightarrow x^3-3x^2=t^2-3\)

Pt trở thành:

\(3\left(t^2-3\right)+4+2t=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2+2t-5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=-\frac{5}{3}< 0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-3x^2+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x-2\right)=0\)