\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=x\\b=2y\\c=3z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a+b+c=3\)

\(Q=\frac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2}+\frac{11c^3-b^3}{bc+4c^2}+\frac{11a^3-c^3}{ca+4a^2}\)

Cần tìm \(\beta;\gamma\) sau cho \(\frac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2}\le\gamma b+\beta a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{11.\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^3-1}{\frac{b}{a}+4\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^2}\le\gamma\frac{b}{a}+\beta\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{11t^3-1}{t+4t^2}\le\gamma t+\beta\text{ }\left(t=\frac{b}{a}\right)\)

Dự đoán Q max khi a = b = c nên t = 1;

Tới đây dùng pp hệ số bất định để tìm ra \(\gamma=3;\text{ }\beta=-1\)

Vậy ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2}\le3b-a\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab+4b^2}\le0\)

Đặt \(\left(x;2y;3z\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=6\)

\(P=\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^2}+\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\)

Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le2b-a\)

Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(5b^3-a^3\le\left(2b-a\right)\left(ab+3b^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b-ab^2+b^3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Tương tự: \(\frac{5c^3-b^3}{bc+3c^2}\le2c-b\) ; \(\frac{5a^3-c^3}{ca+3a^2}\le2a-c\)

Cộng vế với vế: \(P\le a+b+c=6\)

\(P_{max}=6\) khi \(a=b=c=2\) hay \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(2;1;\frac{2}{3}\right)\)

UCT mở rộng: ta sẽ đi tìm m;n sao cho: \(\frac{5b^3-a^3}{ab+3b^2}\le ma+nb\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+ma^2b+\left(3m+n\right)ab^2+\left(3n-5\right)b^3\ge0\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+m.x^2+\left(3m+n\right)x+\left(3n-5\right)\ge0\) với \(x=\frac{a}{b}\)

Dự đoán rằng sẽ phân tích về dạng \(\left(a-b\right)^2.P\left(a;b\right)\) hay \(\left(x-1\right)^2P\left(x\right)\)

Do đó (1) phải có nghiệm \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4m+4n-4=0\Rightarrow n=1-m\)

Thay vào: \(x^3+mx^2+\left(2m+1\right)x-3m-2\ge0\)

Hoocne hạ bậc: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+\left(m+1\right)x+3m+2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+\left(m+1\right)x+3m+2\) cũng có 1 nghiệm \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow4m+4=0\Rightarrow m=-1\Rightarrow n=2\)

đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x;2y;3z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(abc=1\)

bđt \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\Sigma\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+1}\le1\)

\(VT\le\Sigma\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\Sigma\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=1\)

Lời giải:

Đặt $(x,2y,3z)=(a,b,c)$. Khi đó bài toán trở thành:

Cho $a,b,c>0$ thỏa mãn $a+b+c=2$. Tìm GTLN của:

\(S=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+2c}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{bc+2a}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{ac+2b}}\)

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Từ $a+b+c=2$ ta có:

\(S=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+(a+b+c)c}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{bc+(a+b+c)a}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{ac+(a+b+c)b}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:

\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+a)(b+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(S\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy $S_{\max}=\frac{3}{2}$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

hay $x=\frac{2}{3}; y=\frac{1}{3}; z=\frac{2}{9}$

\(\frac{1}{x^3y^3}+\frac{1}{x^3y^3}+1\ge\frac{3}{x^2y^2}\) ; \(\frac{y^3}{z^3}+\frac{y^3}{z^3}+1\ge\frac{3y^2}{z^2}\) ; \(x^3z^3+x^3z^3+1\ge3x^2z^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2VT+3\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+\frac{y^2}{z^2}+x^2z^2\right)+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)