Bài 1:

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)

Bài 12:

Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:

\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A

m gam A + H2O dư

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

x--------------------x--------->0,5x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x

=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)

2m gam A + NaOH

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

2x------------------------------->x

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

2y---------------------------------------------->3y

=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2) 

3m gam A + HCl

\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

3x--------------------------->1,5x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

3y----------------------------->4,5y

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

3z----------------------------->3z

=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)

\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)

\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)

Chúc bạn học tốt

Đáp án B

Các phản ứng tạo kết tủa:

Dung dich X có 

Dung dịch Y có 

Mà  nên OH^-dư và 

Vậy

Đáp án C

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a----------------------->1,5a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           b------------------------>b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. PTHH : Mg + 2HCl ➝ MgCl₂ + H₂ (1)

b. theo bài : nH₂ = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 (mol)

theo (1) nMg = nH₂ = 0,15 (mol)

➞ mMg = 0,15 ✖ 24 = 3,6 (g)

➞ %mMg = (3,6 : 5)✖100 = 72%

➞ %mCu = 100% - 72% = 28%

c. theo (1) nHCl = 2nH₂ = 2✖0,15 = 0,3 (mol)

mHCl = 0,3✖36,5 = 10,95(g)

➜mddHCl = (10,95✖100):14,6 = 75(g)

d. dung dịch Y : MgCl₂

mdd_(spư)= 3,6+75-0,3 = 78,3(g)

theo (1) nMgCl₂ = nH₂ = 0,15(mol)

mMgCl₂ = 0,15✖95 = 14,25(g)

C%MgCl₂ = (14,25 : 78,3)✖100 = 18,199%

\(4.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.15.....0.3....................0.15\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.5}=0.6\left(M\right)\)

\(5.\)

\(Đặt:n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=8.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+1.5b=0.25\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=b=0.1\)

\(\%Fe=\dfrac{5.6}{8.3}\cdot100\%=67.47\%\)

\(\%Al=32.53\%\)

a) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2

b) Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al.

nH2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a        2a            a          a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2

b           3b       b          3/2b

Ta có hệ pt: 

mhh = 24a + 27b = 5,1 (g)

nH2 = a + 3/2b = 0,25 (mol)

=> a = 0,1 (mol)

b = 0,1 (mol)

200 ml = 0,2 l

nHCl = 2a + 3b = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (mol)

=> CM ddHCl = 0,5/0,2 = 2,5 (M)

%mMg = 24a/5,1*100% = 2,4/5,1*100% = 47,06%

%mAl = 100%-47,06% = 52,94%