a) \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Mol:         0,2                            0,1

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) ⇒ NaOH hết, H₂SO₄ dư

\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)

b) V_{dd sau pứ} = 0,2 + 0,15 = 0,35 (l)

\(C_{M_{ddNa_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,35}=\dfrac{2}{7}\approx0,2857M\)

\(C_{M_{ddH_2SO_4dư}}=\dfrac{0,3-0,1}{0,35}=\dfrac{4}{7}\approx0,57M\)

\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ H_2SO_4+Na_2CO_3->Na_2SO_4+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1mol=n_{H_2SO_4dư}\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15.2=0,15mol\\ C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,15+0,1}{0,25}=1\left(M\right)\\ m_{Na_2SO_4}=142\left(0,15+0,1\right)=35,5g\)

2NaOH + CuSO4 → Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

n NaOH = 0,2.5 = 1(mol)

n CuSO4 = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)

Ta có :

n NaOH / 2 = 0,5 > n CuSO4 / 1 = 0,2 => NaOH dư

n Cu(OH)2 = n CuSO4 = 0,2 mol

=> m A = 0,2.98 = 19,6 gam

n Na2SO4 = n CuSO4 = 0,2 mol

n NaOH pư = 2n CuSO4 = 0,4(mol)

V dd = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3(lít)

Suy ra:

CM Na2SO4 = 0,2/0,3 = 0,67M

CM NaOH = (1 - 0,4)/0,3 = 2M

\(n_{NaOH}=0.2\cdot0.5=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

\(0.1.............0.05...............0.05...........0.05\)

\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0.05\cdot98=4.9\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2+0.1}=0.167\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2-0.05}{0.1}=1.5\left(M\right)\)

1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\) 

                                   0,03<----------------------0,01

=> n_{NaOH min} = 0,03 (mol)

=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)

2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

           0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15

            \(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

             0,05<----0,05

            \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)

              0,1<-------0,05

=> n_{NaOH max} = 0,5 (mol)

=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)

3)

\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)

Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa

=> Trong Y chứa AlCl₃ dư

PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

           0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06

\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

   (0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)

            \(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)

     (0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)

=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)

=> x = 1,2

Đáp án C

Dung dịch chỉ chứa 1 chất tan duy nhất nên HNO₃ và NaOH đều hết

Nên 50.2=100.x suy ra x=1M