\(ac< 0\Rightarrow\) phương trình luôn có 2 nghiệm với mọi m

Theo Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-\frac{3m}{2}\\x_1x_2=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(M=\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+\left(x_1-x_2-\frac{x_1-x_2}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\left(1-\frac{1}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\)

\(=\left(4+2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{M}{4+2\sqrt{2}}=\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-4x_1x_2\)

\(=\frac{9m^2}{4}+2\sqrt{2}\ge2\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(4+2\sqrt{2}\right)=8+8\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(m=0\)

Theo Viet ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-\frac{3m}{2}\\x_1x_2=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-4x_1x_2+\left(\frac{x_1+x_2+x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(P=\frac{9m^2}{4}+2\sqrt{2}+\left(\frac{-\frac{3m}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(-\frac{3m}{2}\right)}{-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}\right)^2\)

\(P=\frac{9m^2}{4}+2\sqrt{2}+\left(\frac{27-8\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)m^2\)

\(P=\left(\frac{18-9\sqrt{2}}{2}\right)m^2+2\sqrt{2}\ge2\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(m=0\)

Để phương trình có 2 nghiệm phân biệt thì:

\(\Delta>0\)

<=> \(\left[-\left(2m+5\right)\right]^2-4.1.\left(2m+1\right)>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2+12m+21>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2+12m+9+12>0\)

<=> \(\left(2m+3\right)^2+12>0\)

Vì (2m+3)² luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 với mọi m nên phương trình đã cho có nghiệm với mọi giá trị m.

Theo viét:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=2m+5\\x_1x_2=2m+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo đề:

\(M=\left|\sqrt{x_1}-\sqrt{x_2}\right|\) (điều kiện: \(x_1;x_2\ge0\))

=> \(M^2=x_1+x_2-2\sqrt{x_1x_2}=2m+5-2\sqrt{2m+1}\)

<=> \(M^2=\left(\sqrt{2m+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{2m+1}\right)-2\sqrt{\left(2m+1\right)}+4\)

<=> \(M^2=\left(\sqrt{2m+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{2m+1}-2\right)+4\)

<=> \(M^2=\left(\sqrt{2m+1}-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)

=> \(M\ge2\).

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi m = 0

Thế m = 0 vào phương trình ở đề được:

\(x^2-5x+1=0\)

Phương trình này có hai nghiệm dương -> thỏa mãn điều kiện.

Vậy min M = 2 và m = 0

☕T.Lam

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=\dfrac{20a-11}{2012}\\x_1x_2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{x_1-x_2}{2}-\dfrac{x_1-x_2}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2\)

\(=6\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2=6\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-24x_1x_2\)

\(=6\left(\dfrac{20a-11}{2012}\right)^2+24\ge24\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{11}{20}\)

\(\Delta'=\left(m+1\right)^2-\left(2m-3\right)=m^2+4>0,\forall m\inℝ\)

nên phương trình luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt \(x_1+x_2\). 

Theo định lí Viete: 

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2=2m+2\\x_1x_2=2m-3\end{cases}}\)

\(P=\left|\frac{x_1+x_2}{x_1-x_2}\right|=\frac{\left|x_1+x_2\right|}{\left|x_1-x_2\right|}=\frac{\left|x_1+x_2\right|}{\sqrt{\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-4x_1x_2}}\)

\(=\frac{\left|2m+2\right|}{\sqrt{\left(2m+2\right)^2-4\left(2m-3\right)}}=\frac{\left|2m+2\right|}{\sqrt{4m^2+16}}=\frac{\left|m+1\right|}{\sqrt{m^2+4}}\ge0\)

Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(m=-1\). 

\(\Delta=\left(3m+2\right)^2-12m=9m^2+4>0\)

Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-3m-2\\x_1x_2=3m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1+x_2+1=-3m\\x_1x_2+x_1+x_2+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1+x_2+1=-3m\\\left(x_1+1\right)\left(x_2+1\right)=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1=a\\x_2+1=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-3m\\ab=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Q=a^4+b^4\ge2a^2b^2=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a^2=b^2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\left(loại\right)\\a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow-3m=0\Rightarrow m=0\)