Bài 1:

\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1}{x^2-x+1}=\frac{5}{3}\)

\(b=\frac{1-5+1}{0}=\frac{-3}{0}=-\infty\)

\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)+3x}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left[\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)+2\left(1+3x\right)+3\right]=1+2+3=6\)

\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{5\left(1+x\right)^4-1}{5x^4+2x}=\frac{4}{0}=+\infty\)

Bài 2:

\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^m-1}{x^n-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)

\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{x-a}{x^n-a^n}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{1}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{1}{n.a^{n-1}}\)

\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x+x^2+...+x^n-n}{x-1}=\frac{-n}{-1}=n\)

\(\left(1+x\right)\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)\)

\(=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)\)

\(=...\)

\(=x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+nx+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)-1}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2x\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+nx}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left[\left(1+2x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+2\left(1+3x\right)...\left(1+nx\right)+...+n\right]\)

\(=1+2+3+...+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)

Bài 1:

a. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{x^5+1}{x^3+1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{5x^4}{3x^2}=\frac{5}{3}\)

b. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{4x^6-5x^5+x}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{24x^5-25x^4+1}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{120x^4-100x^3}{2}=\frac{120-100}{2}=10\)

c. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+3x\right)x}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+3x\right)2x}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{3x+1-1}{x}=1+2+3=6\)

d. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+x\right)^5-\left(1+5x\right)}{x^5+x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{5\left(1+x\right)^4-5}{5x^4+2x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{20\left(1+x\right)^3}{20x^3+2}=\frac{20}{2}=10\)

Bài 2:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^m-1}{x^n-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{x-a}{x^n-a^n}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{1}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{1}{n.a^{n-1}}\)

\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{ax}+a\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{a}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\left(x+\sqrt{ax}+a\right)=3a\)

\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x^{\frac{1}{n}}-1}{x^{\frac{1}{m}}-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\frac{1}{n}x^{\frac{1-n}{n}}}{\frac{1}{m}x^{\frac{1-m}{m}}}=\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{\frac{1}{m}}=\frac{m}{n}\)

Ta có:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{1-x^{\frac{1}{n}}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-\frac{1}{n}x^{\frac{1-n}{n}}}{-1}=\frac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}{1-x}.\frac{\left(1-\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}{\left(1-x\right)}.\frac{\left(1-\sqrt[4]{x}\right)}{\left(1-x\right)}.\frac{\left(1-\sqrt[5]{x}\right)}{\left(1-x\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{3}.\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{120}\)

\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x}}}{\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x}}}+\sqrt{x}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}}}{\sqrt{1+\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x\sqrt{x}}}}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(e=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\sqrt{1+x}-1+1-\sqrt[3]{1+x}}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x}+1}+\frac{x}{1+\sqrt[3]{1+x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)^2}}}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x}+1}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt[3]{1+x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)^2}}\right)=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}\)

\(f=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\sqrt[3]{8x+11}-3+3-\sqrt{x+7}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\frac{8\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(8x+11\right)^2}+3\sqrt[3]{8x+11}+9}-\frac{x-2}{3+\sqrt{x+7}}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\frac{8}{\sqrt[3]{\left(8x+11\right)^2}+3\sqrt[3]{8x+11}+9}-\frac{1}{3+\sqrt{x+7}}}{x-1}=\frac{8}{27}-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{7}{54}\)

\(g=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\sqrt[3]{3x-2}-1+1-\sqrt{2x-1}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\frac{3\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+1}-\frac{2\left(x-1\right)}{1+\sqrt{2x-1}}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{3x-2}+1}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{2x-1}}}{x^2+x+1}=0\)

\(h=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\sqrt[3]{x+9}+\sqrt[3]{2x-6}}{x^3+1}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{10}-\sqrt[3]{4}}{2}\)

Bài 2:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2}\frac{x-\sqrt{x+2}}{\sqrt{4x+1}-3}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2}\frac{x^2-x-2}{(x+\sqrt{x+2}).\frac{4x+1-9}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2}\frac{(x-2)(x+1)(\sqrt{4x+1}+3)}{(x+\sqrt{x+2}).4(x-2)}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2}\frac{(x+1)(\sqrt{4x+1}+3)}{4(x+\sqrt{x+2})}=\frac{9}{8}\)

Bài 3:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 0-}\frac{1-\sqrt[3]{x-1}}{x}=-\infty \)

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 0+}\frac{1-\sqrt[3]{x-1}}{x}=+\infty \)

Bài 4:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{x^2-5x+1}{x^2-2}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{1-\frac{5}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}}{1-\frac{2}{x^2}}=1\)

Bài 5:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}\frac{2x^2-4}{x^3+3x^2-9}=\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}\frac{\frac{2}{x}-\frac{4}{x^3}}{1+\frac{3}{x}-\frac{9}{x^3}}=0\)

Bài 6:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2- }\frac{2x-1}{x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}\frac{2(x-2)+3}{x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}\left(2+\frac{3}{x-2}\right)=-\infty \)

Bài 7:

\(\lim\limits _{x\to 3+ }\frac{8+x-x^2}{x-3}=\lim\limits _{x\to 3+}\frac{1}{x-3}.\lim\limits _{x\to 3+}(8+x-x^2)=2(+\infty)=+\infty \)

Bài 8:

\(\lim\limits _{x\to -\infty}(8+4x-x^3)=\lim\limits _{x\to -\infty}(-x^3)=+\infty \)

Bài 9:

\(\lim\limits _{x\to -1}\frac{\sqrt[3]{x}+1}{\sqrt{x^2+3}-2}=\lim\limits _{x\to -1}\frac{x+1}{\sqrt[3]{x^2}-\sqrt[3]{x}+1}.\frac{\sqrt{x^2+3}+2}{x^2+3-4}=\lim\limits _{x\to -1}\frac{x+1}{\sqrt[3]{x^2}-\sqrt[3]{x}+1}.\frac{\sqrt{x^2+3}+2}{(x-1)(x+1)}\)

\(\lim\limits _{x\to -1}\frac{\sqrt{x^2+3}+2}{(\sqrt[3]{x^2}-\sqrt[3]{x}+1)(x-1)}=\frac{-2}{3}\)

Bài 1:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to1+}\frac{2x^2-3x+1}{x^3-x^2-x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\to1+}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}=\lim\limits_{x\to1+}\frac{2x-1}{x^2-1}\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}\frac{1}{x^2-1}.\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}(2x-1)=1.(+\infty)=+\infty \)

Tương tự \(\lim\limits_{x\to 1-} \frac{2x^2-3x+1}{x^3-x^2-x+1}=-\infty \)

1/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{3\left(1+3x\right)^2.3+4.4\left(1-4x\right)^3}{1}=...\left(thay-x-vo\right)\)

2/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{2.2.x-5}{3x^2-3}=\dfrac{4.2-5}{3.4-3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

3/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{4x^3-3}{3x^2+2}=\dfrac{4.1-3}{3.1-2}=1\)

Xai L'Hospital nhe :v

\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{3x\left(1+x\right)\left(1+2x\right)}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{2x\left(1+x\right)}{x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(1+x\right)-1}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}3\left(1+x\right)\left(1+2x\right)+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}2\left(1+x\right)+1=3+2+1=6\)

\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\left(x^5+5x^4+10x^3+10x^2+5x+1\right)-\left(1+5x\right)}{x^5+x^2}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x^2\left(x^3+5x^2+10\right)}{x^2\left(x^3+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x^3+5x^2+10}{x^3+1}=10\)

1/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\left(\dfrac{x-2}{x^3}\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{2-x}{-x^3}=\dfrac{2}{0}=+\infty\)

2/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{\left(x^3-x^2\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}{\left(x-1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^3-x^2\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.\left(3x^2-2x\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-1\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}-1}=0\)

3/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\dfrac{1-\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{1-3}{0}=-\infty\)

4/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\left(-\infty-\sqrt[3]{1+\infty}\right)=-\left(\infty+\infty\right)=-\infty?\) Cái này ko chắc :v

a/ \(=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2x^3+6x^2h+6xh^2+2h^3-2x^3}{h}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6xh^2+6x^2h+2h^3}{h}=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\left(6xh+6x^2+2h^2\right)=6x^2\)

b/ Xet day :\(S=x+x^2+....+x^{2021}\)

Day co \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=x\\q=x\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow S=u_1.\dfrac{q^{2021}-1}{q-1}=x.\dfrac{x^{2021}-1}{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x^{2022}-x}{x-1}-2021}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2022}-x-2021x+2021}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x^{2022}}{x^2}-\dfrac{x}{x^2}-\dfrac{2021x}{x^2}+\dfrac{2021}{x^2}}{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}-\dfrac{2x}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2020}}{1}=1\)

Lam lai cau b, hinh nhu bi nham sang dang \(\dfrac{\infty}{\infty}\) roi

Xet day: \(S=x+x^2+...+x^{2021}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=x.\dfrac{x^{2021}-1}{x-1}=\dfrac{x^{2022}-x}{x-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^{2022}-2022x+2021}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

L'Hospital: \(\Rightarrow...=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2022x^{2021}-2022}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2022.2021.x^{2020}}{2}=2043231\)

Is that true :v?

Cau a co the xai L'Hospital cung ra:

L'Hospital: 

\(...=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6xh^2+6x^2h+2h^3}{h}=\lim\limits_{h\rightarrow0}\dfrac{6h^2+12xh+6x^2+12xh+6h^2}{1}=6x^2\)

1: \(A=\dfrac{x^2-\left(a+1\right)x+a}{x^3-a^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-xa-x+a}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x^2+ax+a^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-a\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x^2+ax+a^2\right)}=\dfrac{x-1}{x^2+ax+a^2}\)

\(lim_{x->a}A=lim_{x->a}\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x^2+ax+a^2}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{a-1}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{a-1}{3a^2}\)

2: \(B=\dfrac{1}{1-x}-\dfrac{3}{1-x^3}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{x^3-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1+3}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x^2-x+2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x-2}{x^2+x+1}\)

\(lim_{x->1}\left(B\right)=\dfrac{-1-2}{1^2+1+1}=\dfrac{-3}{3}=-1\)

3: \(C=\dfrac{\left(x+h\right)^3-x^3}{h}=\dfrac{\left(x+h-x\right)\left(x^2+2xh+h^2+x^2+hx+x^2\right)}{h}\)

\(=3x^2+3hx\)

\(lim_{h->0}\left(C\right)=3x^2+3\cdot0\cdot x=3x^2\)