(1); vecto u=2*vecto a-vecto b

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot1-0=2\\y=2\cdot\left(-4\right)-2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)

(2): vecto u=-2*vecto a+vecto b

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\cdot\left(-7\right)+4=18\\y=-2\cdot3+1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

(3): vecto a=2*vecto u-5*vecto v

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\cdot\left(-5\right)-5\cdot0=-10\\b=2\cdot4-5\cdot\left(-3\right)=15+8=23\end{matrix}\right.\)

(4): vecto OM=(x;y)

2 vecto OA-5 vecto OB=(-18;37)

=>x=-18; y=37

=>x+y=19

a) Để \(\overrightarrow u  = \overrightarrow v  \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2a - 1 = 3\\ - 3 = 4b + 1\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b =  - 1\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 2\\b =  - 1\end{array} \right.\) thì \(\overrightarrow u  = \overrightarrow v \)

b) \(\overrightarrow x  = \overrightarrow y  \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a + b = 2a - 3\\ - 2a + 3b = 4b\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b =  - 2\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a = 1\\b =  - 2\end{array} \right.\) thì \(\overrightarrow x  = \overrightarrow y \)

Tham khảo:

Kí hiệu O, E, F là các điểm như trên hình vẽ.

Dễ thấy: tứ giác OEMF là hình bình hành nên \(\overrightarrow {OE}  + \overrightarrow {OF}  = \overrightarrow {OM} \) hay \(\overrightarrow v  + \overrightarrow u  = \overrightarrow {OM} \)

Và \(\overrightarrow {OC}  = 3.\overrightarrow {OM}  \Rightarrow 3\left( {\overrightarrow v  + \overrightarrow u } \right) = 3.\overrightarrow {OM}  = \overrightarrow {OC} \)

Mặt khác: \(\overrightarrow {OA}  = 3.\overrightarrow {OF}  = 3\;\overrightarrow u ;\;\overrightarrow {OB}  = 3.\overrightarrow {OE}  = 3\;\overrightarrow v \)

Và \(\overrightarrow {OB}  + \overrightarrow {OA}  = \overrightarrow {OC} \) hay \(3\;\overrightarrow v  + 3\;\overrightarrow u  = \overrightarrow {OC} \)

\( \Rightarrow 3\left( {\overrightarrow v  + \overrightarrow u } \right) = 3\;\overrightarrow v  + 3\;\overrightarrow u \)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|=4\) 

⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)^2=16\)

⇒ 16 + 9 - 2\(\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\) = 16

⇒ \(2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=9\)

⇒ cosα = \(\dfrac{9}{2.4.3}\)

⇒ cos α = \(\dfrac{3}{8}\)

Vậy chọn D

\(u.v=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+3b\right)\left(-15a+14b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-30a^2+42b^2-17ab=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab=\frac{-30.4^2+42.3^2}{17}=-6\)

\(\Rightarrow cos\left(a;b\right)=\frac{ab}{\left|a\right|\left|b\right|}=-\frac{6}{12}=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=120^0\)

Giả thiết => cos \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

⇒ \(\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=60^0\)

\(\overrightarrow{a}\perp\overrightarrow{b}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=0\)

\(\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)=2a^2+2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}-b^2\)

\(=2a^2-b^2+\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)

\(=2.1-2+0=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)\perp\left(\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right)\)

\(A^2=\left|3a+5b\right|^2=9a^2+25b^2+30ab=9.1+25.1+30.3=124\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2\sqrt{31}\)

u(1/2;-5).    v(k;-4)