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Chứng minh (2016a-2017b)/(2017c+2018d)=(2016c-2017d)/(2017a+2018b) - Nguyễn Minh Hải

TỈ lệ cần chứng minh 

<br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div id="inner-editor"></div>2015a−2016b2015c−2016d =2016a+2017b2016c+2017d 

Vì ab =cd ⇒ac =bd  = 2015a2015c =2016b2016d =2016a2016c =2017b2017d 

Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có: \(\frac{a}{c}\)=\(\frac{2015a-2016b}{2015c-2016d}\)=\(\frac{2016a+2017b}{2016c+2017d}\)

Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

\(\dfrac{2015a-2016b}{2016c+2017d}=\dfrac{2015bk-2016b}{2016dk+2017d}=\dfrac{2015k-2016}{2016k+2017}\)

\(\dfrac{2015c-2016d}{2016a+2017b}=\dfrac{2015dk-2016d}{2016bk+2017b}=\dfrac{2015k-2016}{2016k+2017}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{2015a-2016b}{2016c+2017d}=\dfrac{2015c-2016d}{2016a+2017b}\)

ta có :

\(ab>2016a+2017b\Rightarrow a\left(b-2016\right)>2017b\) hay ta có : \(a>\frac{2017b}{b-2016}\)

Vậy \(a+b>\frac{2017b}{b-2016}+b=b+2017+\frac{2016\times2017}{b-2106}=b-2016+\frac{2016\times2017}{b-2106}+2016+2017\)

\(\ge2\sqrt{2016\times2017}+2016+2017=\left(\sqrt{2016}+\sqrt{2017}\right)^2\)

Vậy ta có đpcm

\(M=\dfrac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\dfrac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}=\dfrac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}=\dfrac{4}{4032+4034ab}\)

AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow2ab\le2\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\Leftrightarrow4034ab\le4034\)

Hay: \(M\ge\dfrac{4}{4032+4034}=\dfrac{4}{8066}=\dfrac{2}{4033}\)

\(M=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2016b^2+2017ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2017.2ab}\)

\(M\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2017\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\frac{2}{4033}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)

Chứng minh \(\frac{m^2}{p}+\frac{n^2}{q}\ge\frac{\left(m+n\right)^2}{p+q}\) với \(p,q>0\)(*) (dễ chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương).

Áp dụng BĐT (*) vào bài toán, ta có:

\(M=\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}\)

\(=\frac{a^4}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{b^4}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a^2\right)^2}{2016a^2+2017ab}+\frac{\left(b^2\right)^2}{2017ab+2016b^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\)(1)

Mà \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)nên \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034.\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=\frac{2^2}{2016.2+4034.\frac{2}{2}}=\frac{2}{4033}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(M\ge\frac{2}{4033}.\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=1.\)

Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{2}{4033}\)khi \(a=b=1.\)

M=\(\left[\frac{a^3}{2016a+2017b}+\frac{a\left(2016a+2017b\right)}{4033^2}\right]+\left[\frac{b^3}{2017a+2016b}+\frac{b\left(2017a+2016b\right)}{4033^2}\right]-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034ab}{4033^2}\)

\(\ge\frac{2a^2}{4033}+\frac{2b^2}{4033}-\frac{2016\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4034\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}{4033^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4033}=\frac{2}{4033}\)

dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=1