PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

               a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a   (mol)

            \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               b_____2b_______b_____b         (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=2,055\\3a+2b=0,205\cdot1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,045\\b=0,035\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,045\cdot133,5=6,0075\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,035\cdot95=3,325\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Mg, Al

PTHH:

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
...x.............................x.............x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
..y.............................y...........1,5y
Ta có hệ PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
a. => \(\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,77\%\)
=> \(\%Al=100\%-30,76\%=69,23\%\)
b. \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muoi-khan}=9,5+26,7=36,2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,8.0,5=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,8.0,75=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{Cl^-}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố H:

\(n_{HCl}.1+n_{H_2SO_4}.2=n_{H_2}.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0,4.1+0,6.2=0,2.2+n_{H_2O}.2\)

=>\(n_{H_2O}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_O=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{muối}=m_{kimloai}+m_{Cl^-}+m_{SO_4^{2-}}\)

=>\(m_{kimloai}=88,7-35,5.0,4-0,6.96=16,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m=m_{kimloai}+m_O=16,9+0,6.16=26,5\left(g\right)\)

2A+2aHCl->2ACla+aH2

2B+2bHCl->2BClb+aH2

nH2=0.3(mol)

->nHCl=0.3*2=0.6(mol)

->nCl/HCl=0.6(mol)

m muối khan=m kim loại+mCl/HCl=8+0.6*35.5=29.3(g)

a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 65a + 56b = 7,35 (1)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

           a---->2a------->a------>a

             Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

             b------>2b----->b------>b

=> \(a+b=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

=> a + b = 0,12 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,07; b = 0,05

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,07.65}{7,35}.100\%=61,9\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{7,35}.100\%=38,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(dư) = 0,3.1 - 0,07.2 - 0,05.2 = 0,06 (mol)

PTHH: Ca(OH)₂ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + 2H₂O

             0,03<-----0,06

=> \(x=C_{M\left(ddCa\left(OH\right)_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,1}=0,3M\)

c) Chất rắn thu được là Fe₂O₃

Bảo toàn Fe: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(a=m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025.160=4\left(g\right)\)

Kết tủa thu được là Fe(OH)₂

Bảo toàn Fe: \(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.90=4,5\left(g\right)\)