Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.

5.  ________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

6. Cholera is transmitted through________ water

7. The health________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.

Exercise 2. Now match type of pollution and its definition.

Exercise 3. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

1. The river water is severely polluted, mostly________ the dumping of raw sewage.

A. due to                    B. lead to                   C. because                             D. so

2. Sudden changes in water temperature can ________ mass killings of fish, plants, oramphibians.

A. come up                B. result in                 C. dump into                         D. thank to

3. Water pollution________ the death of all forms of life in the water bodies.

A. occurs                   B. results of               C. creates                               D. leads to

4. ________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean.

A. Because                B. Due to                    C. Even if                               D. Although

5. Many flights were cancelled ________ the smoke from forest fires.

A. so                           B. because                 C. because of                                    D. result in

6. ________the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there.

A. Because of            B. As                           C. As a result of                                D. Even though

7. ________the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room for planting crops.

A. since                      B. Although               C. unless                                D. Due to

8. Grace didn’t love nature, ________ she wasn’t happy when her group went camping in a jungle.

A. but                         B. and             C. because                                         D. so

9. Thousands of fish were killed ________ a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a nearby factory.

A. because                 B. lead to                   C. result in                             D. as a result of

10. ________the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday.

A. Since                     B. Because                 C. Owing to                           D. Thanks to

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (conditional type 1)

1.If we (recycle)  ________ more, we will help the Earth.

2. Factories (not dump) ______________waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily.

3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be)  ______________fewer car fumes.

4. We (save)  ________________thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.

5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ______________fresh water.

6. If the factory ( continue) ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.

7.If we recycle more, we (help) ________________ the Earth.

8. If people (travel)________________to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.

9. We save thousands of trees if we (not waste)_______________don’t waste paper.

10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government (fine) _______________ them heavily.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.(conditional type 2)

1. If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.

2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) ________________ out tree planting activity.

3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less pollution.

4.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) ________________ waste into the lake.

5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.

6.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the environment ?

7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________ heathier.

8.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.

9.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) __________so upset.

10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________ vegetables.

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (1)

1.   If you come with me, I (do) ............................  the shopping with you.

2.   Jimmy (help) ............................ his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.

3.   If it (ran) ............................, I will stay at home.

4.   Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) ............................ the poem by heart.

5.   If they had enough money, they (buy) ............................ a new car.

6.   We (pass) ............................ the exam if we studied harder.

7.   If Pat (repair) ............................ his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.

8.   She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) ............................ this old shelf.

9.   If I were you, I (invite) ............................ Jack to the party.

10. If the weather (be) ............................ fine, the children can walk to school.

11. If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) ............................ all her friends.

12. I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) ............................ my CD again.

13. If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) ............................ them to a barbecue.

14. If you (not/ read) ............................ these articles, you will not know the facts about Africa.

15. You (get) ............................ very wet if you walked in this rain.

16. The engine (not/ start) ............................ if Ben connected these two cables.

17. If he (have) ............................ time, he will buy her some sweets.

18. Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) ............................ the trumpet more often.

19. We (not/ fetch) ............................ something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches.

20. If he (carry) ............................ the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase.

Exercise 7. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.

1. What will happen if the Earth stoppedmoving?

               A               B                      C          D

2. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.

A                          B                                C                                           D

3. Humans caneven die if they will drinkcontaminated water.

                   A       B                          C                D

4. Long-term exposure to loud noise resultspermanent hearing loss.

A                        B                       C            D

5. They believe that water pollution is the large causeof death and disease in the world.

                 A                                                    B                  C                                 D

6. Is the recycling process in itself damagingfor the environment?

    A            B                                         C        D

7. We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy.

A                              B                 C            D

8. One in six species is at risk of extinctionbecause climate change.

                         A             B               C              D

9. The amount of waste decreased if people started to buy reusable packages.

A                          B                           C                      D

10. Contaminated water can cause of many types of diarrheal diseases, including cholera.

              A                                  B                                                   C             D

Exercise 8. Read the passage.

There are three main (1) ……………… of pollution: air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Air, which is the most important element of our environment for our (2) ……………………, can be polluted in many ways. Smoke in the air from mills, factories and industry (3) …………………… carbon, monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which are all poisonous gases. This leads (4) …………………… health problems like asthma and lung diseases, and the thinning of the ozone layer, which (5) …………………… us from harmful UV ray. China, the USA, Russia, India, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution (6) …………………… Water is also polluted by the discharge of commercial and industrial waste. Sewage in drinking water is another (7) …………………… of water pollution as it contains germs and viruses. The noise of vehicles, mills, and factories can be really unbearable. This kind of constant sound also (8) ……………… headaches, tension, (9) ……..…………  stress and migraines. People living next to a building site where there is too much noise can become sick, as they can not sleep or relax. This is (10) …………………… noise pollution.

Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).

      1.   A. types                      B. kinds                      C. models                   D. both A & B

      2.   A. survival                 B. survive                  C. surviving               D. survived

      3.   A. includes                B. include                  C. contains                D. contain

      4.   A. in                            B. into                        C. to                            D. from

      5.   A. prevents                B. protects                 C. avoids                    D. hides

      6.   A. emissions              B. emitted                  C. emission                D. emitting

      7.   A. effect                     B. cause                     C. result                     D. consequence

      8.   A. causes                   B. leads to                  C. results in               D. all are correct

      9.   A. brain                      B. mind                      C. head                       D. mental

Exercise 9.Read the passage and answer the questions.

Visual pollution has a greater effect on people than you may think. I remember when I went to a big city, I was really scared because so much graffiti on the buildings' wall. Then I looked up, and I saw a lot of power lines over my head. Although they were not dangerous, I still felt unsafe since I thought they might fall down. These things prevented me from enjoying the beautiful sights of the city.I also remember the time when I was a student at a university. Once I was so busy with my assignments that I did not tidy my room for two weeks. Looking at the messy room caused me so much stress that I did not want to study. Then I decided to clean the room and put my thing in their proper places. I also bought a small plants and placed it in a corner of the room. These simple actions increased my motivation and helped me to focus on my learning.

Questions.

1.How did the author feel when she saw the power lines?

   ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2.Why did she have that feeling?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. What was she busy with?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What happened when she looked the messy room?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. What did she do for her room?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 10.Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.

1.Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns.

®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3.The levels of radioactive polluion decrease.We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4.The water temperature increases.Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduces.

®If…………………………………………………………………………………….....................

5.People get more diseases.The water is contaminated.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 11.Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation, as in the example.

Viết loại câu điều kiện loại 2 cho mỗi tình huống , như trong ví dụ.

1.People throw rubbish in the street.The street doesn’t look attractive.

®If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would look attractive.

2.There are so many billboards in our city. People can not enjoy the view.

®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3.There is so much light in the cityat night.We can not see the stars clearly.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.

®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.She has a headache after work every day.She works in a noisy office.

®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 12: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.

      1.   He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      2.   She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      3.   He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      4.   He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      5.   She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      6.   He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      7.   Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      8.   Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      9.   I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.

            If .....................................................................................................................................

      10. I don’t buy that book because I don’t have enough money.                

            If .....................................................................................................................................

aquatic     radioactive      contaminated       poison      pollutant      dumped sewage     untreated       dead        effects

1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.

5. ________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

6. Cholera is transmitted through________ water

7. The health________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.

5.  ________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources. 

6. Cholera is transmitted through________ water

7. The health________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.

5.  ________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources. 

6. Cholera is transmitted through________ water

7. The health________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.

1. ____ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.

2. More and more waste and ____ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.

3. The ____ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.

4. Oil spills can cause the death of ____ animals such as fish.

5. ____ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.

6. Cholera is transmitted through ____ water.

7. The health ____ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.

8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air ____.

9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are ____ annually along the coastline.

10. Up to 100.000 fish were found ____ along the river last week.

30.When (visual/ thermal/ light/ radioactive) pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers or oceans changes. 31.We can’t see stars at night (because of/ because/ since/ due) the light pollution.

32. If you (was / were/ are/ could be) in my position, you would understand me.

33. If the water temperature (increase/ increases/ is increased/ increased), some aquatic creatures will be unable to reproduce. 34. Because the water is polluted, (aquatic/ electric/ chemical/ fresh) plants may also die

35. (Noise/ Headache/ Earplug/ Symptom) is any sound that is loud and constant

36. Do you know what (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) cause air pollution

37. (Poison/ Poisonous/ Poisoning/ Poisoned) chemical waste is dumped into the river by many factories

38. The (dead/ die/ death/ died) fish are floating in the water.

39. We plant trees, (due to/ because/ because of/ so) we can have fresh air

40. When the loudness of sounds is more than (20 dBs/ 30dBs/ 50 dBs/ 70dBs), noise pollution happens

41. Too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (causes/ lead/ result/ make) to global warming

42. Waste from households will gradually (contamination/contaminate/contaminant/ contaminated) the lake.

43.When (visual/ thermal/ light/ radioactive) pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers or oceans changes. 44. Many seabirds were (die/ death/ dead/ died) because of the oil spill

. 45. (Aquatic/ Electric/ Chemical/ Fresh) plants may also die because of the polluted water

46. If we (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) the air, more people will have breathing problems

47. If you can experience noise pollution for a long time, you can have headache, high blood pressure and (hearing loss/ contaminant/cough/ radiation)

: I. Choose the best answer:

1. If the factory (continues/ to continue/ continued) dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.

2. Water (pollution/ pollute/ polluted) in the lake has made the fish die.

3. Mi and Nick like (comes/ come/ coming) back Mi’s home village on holiday.

4. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals (will die/ to die/ dead)

5.Water pollution is the (contaminating/ contaminate/ contamination) in the lake has made the fish die.

6. If we (will use/ would use/ use) water carefully, more people will have fresh water.

7. If the factory continues dumping poison (into/ to/ about) the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will

die.

8. Farmers in our area usually use (pesticides/ herbicides/ waste/ sewage) to kill insects

9. If we (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) the air, more people will have breathing problems

10. If you can experience noise pollution for a long time, you can have headache, high blood pressure and (hearing loss/ contaminant/cough/ radiation)

11. Because the water is polluted, (aquatic/ electric/ chemical/ fresh) plants may also die

12. (Noise/ Headache/ Earplug/ Symptom) is any sound that is loud and constant.

13. Do you know what (polluted/ pollute/ pollution/ pollutant) cause air pollution

14. (Poison/ Poisonous/ Poisoning/ Poisoned) chemical waste is dumped into the river by many factories

15. The (dead/ die/ death/ died) fish are floating in the water.

16. We plant trees, (due to/ because/ because of/ so) we can have fresh air.

17. When the loudness of sounds is more than (20 dBs/ 30dBs/ 50 dBs/ 70dBs), noise pollution happens

18. Too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere (causes/ lead/ result/ make) to global warming

19. Waste from households will gradually (contamination/contaminate/contaminant/ contaminated) the lake.

20. When (visual/ thermal/ light/ radioactive) pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers or oceans changes.

21.We can’t see stars at night (because of/ because/ since/ due) the light pollution.

22.If you (was / were/ are/ could be) in my position, you would understand me.

23.When (visual/ thermal/ light/ radioactive) pollution happens, the water temperature in streams, rivers or oceans changes.

24.Many seabirds were (die/ death/ dead/ died) because of the oil spill.

25.(Aquatic/ Electric/ Chemical/ Fresh) plants may also die because of the polluted water

26. Many animals eat the (litter/ energy/ aqua/ temperature) and become sick.

27. The acid rain has caused (damage/ advantage/ pollutant/ environment) to the trees in this area.

28.If I (have/ has/ had/ will have) one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.

III. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases from the box.

1. The Nung mostly live in .................................. though they also live in earthen houses.

2. Five-colour sticky rice is well-known as a ......................... of the north-western region of Vietnam.

3. The goods in the open-air market are ...................... You can find almost everything there.

4. Thai cloth is well-known for being .................................., colourful and strong.

5. Xoe and Sap are ........................................ of Thai ethnic minority people.

6. The ................................. of the Nung is not as colorful as that of other ethnic groups.

7. My Son sanctuary has been recognized by UNESCO as a world .............................

8. Thai women retain their traditional clothes including short vests, long black skirts, scarves, and ...............................

9. Sa Pa is famous for the ...................................... located in the mountainous area.

10.................................. make up between 10 to 15 percent of the population in Vietnam.

Complete the following sentences with the correct words from the box, and then read aloud the sentences. Practise saying the words with cluster /br/ or /pr/.

1. What is the  of petrol now?

2. A  is a piece of jewellery that you wear around your wrist or arm.

3. In Britain, the eldest son of the king or queen has the title ‘ of Water'.

4. The clock is a on my birthday from my best friend.

5. The little boy climbed the tree and sat on a .

6. It is the house in our neighbourhood built of red .

branchbraceletPrincebrickpresent price