\(4=x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\dfrac{64}{27}\)(BĐT cauchy)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$xy\le \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{(4-z)^2}{4}$

$\Rightarrow H\leq \frac{z(4-z)^2}{4}$

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$z(4-z)\leq \frac{(z+4-z)^2}{4}=4$

$4-z\leq 2$ do $z\geq 2$

$\Rightarrow \frac{z(4-z)^2}{4}\leq \frac{4.2}{4}=2$

Hay $H\leq 2$ 

Vậy $H_{\max}=2$ khi $(x,y,z)=(1,1,2)$

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P_{min}=1\)

TH1: \(xyz=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2y^2z^2=0\Rightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=1\)

\(P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\sqrt{x^4+y^4+z^4}=1\)

TH2: \(xyz\ne0\) , từ điều kiện, tồn tại 1 tam giác nhọn ABC sao cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=cosA\\y^2=cosB\\z^2=cosC\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}\ge\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cosA.cosB.cosC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}{8sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{A}{2}cos\dfrac{B}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tanA.tanB.tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}cot\dfrac{B}{2}cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow tanA+tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}+cot\dfrac{B}{2}+cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

Ta có:

\(tanA+tanB=\dfrac{sin\left(A+B\right)}{cosA.cosB}=\dfrac{2sinC}{cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC}\ge\dfrac{2sinC}{1-cosC}=\dfrac{2sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}{2sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}=cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(tanA+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{B}{2}\) ; \(tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm

Vậy \(P_{min}=1\) khi \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(1;0;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hoặc \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(x+y+z=3\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=9\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\left(\text{vì:}x^2+y^2+z^2=9\right)\)

\(xy+yz+zx=0\Rightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-xz;xz=-xy-yz\)

\(P=\frac{-x\left(y+z\right)}{x^2}+\frac{-y\left(z+x\right)}{y^2}+\frac{-z\left(x+y\right)}{z}-4=\frac{y+z}{-x}+\frac{z+y}{-y}+\frac{x+y}{-z}-4\)

\(P=\frac{3}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{3}{z}-1=\frac{3yz+3xz+3xy}{xyz}-1=0-1=-1\)

Mk k hiểu dòng cuối

\(\frac{x+y}{-z}+\frac{y+z}{-x}+\frac{z+x}{-y}-4=\left(\frac{x+y}{-z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{y+z}{-x}-1\right)+\left(\frac{z+x}{-y}-1\right)-1\)

\(=\frac{x+y-\left(-z\right)}{-z}+\frac{y+z-\left(-x\right)}{-x}+\frac{z+x-\left(-y\right)}{-y}-1=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{-x}+\frac{1}{-y}+\frac{1}{-z}\right)-1\)

\(=\frac{3}{-x}+\frac{3}{-y}+\frac{3}{-z}-1=\frac{-3xy-3yz-3zx}{xyz}-1=0-1=-1\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta có : \(3.\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\), do đó : \(0\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2-7\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\), áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta lại có :

\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}\)

\(=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)

Tiếp tục sử dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và kết hợp BĐT quen thuộc \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\), ta có :

\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\right)}\)

                                  \(\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\right)}\)

                                   \(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)

Tương tự , chứng minh đc :

\(2.\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3.\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}}\)

          \(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}}\)

           \(\ge1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y = z = 1 nên giá trị nhỏ nhất của P là 1

Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)

Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)

\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)

Ta có :

\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(1.x+1.y+1.z\right)^2\) (Bunhia)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le3.4=12\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\sqrt{3}\le x+y+z\le2\sqrt{3}\)

Bạn trên làm sai r. X+y+z ko âm cơ mà sao lại có gtnn là -2√3??

Bài 1 : 

Ta có : 

\(x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}=\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)\left(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

\(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)=a\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2.x.\frac{1}{x}=a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\)

\(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x^2-x.\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\)

               \(=a\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-1\right)=a\left(a^2-3\right)\)

\(x^4+\frac{1}{x^4}=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)^2-2.x^2.\frac{1}{x^2}\)

                   \(=\left(a^2-2\right)^2-2=a^4-4a^2+4-2\)

                                                               \(=a^4-4a^2+2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^7+\frac{1}{x^7}=a.\left(a^2-3\right).\left(a^4-4a^2+2\right)-a\)

                      \(=\left(a^3-3a\right)\left(a^4-4a^2+2\right)-a\)

                         \(=a^7-4a^5+2a^3-3a^5+12a^3-6a-a\)

                          \(=a^7-7a^5+14a^3-7a\)

Bài 2 : 

Ta có : 

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=2^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=\frac{2}{xy}-\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{z^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\) vì \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2,\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=y=-z\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{-z}+\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{z}=2\Rightarrow z=-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2y+z=\frac{1}{2}+2.\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P=1\)