1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0=>x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge5xy\\2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+xy\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge5xy\\1\ge-3xy\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có:

P=\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2+2+\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)

P= \(\dfrac{2\left(1-xy\right)^2}{4}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\left(\dfrac{1-xy}{2}+2xy\right)\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-2xy+1}{2}-4\left(xy\right)^2+2+\dfrac{3xy}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt t = xy => \(-\dfrac{1}{3}\le t\le\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có : 

P= \(\dfrac{-7t^2}{2}+\dfrac{t}{2}+3=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2+\dfrac{169}{56}\)

Ta có: \(-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{14}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{14}\)

<=>\(-\dfrac{17}{42}\le t-\dfrac{1}{14}\le\dfrac{9}{70}\)

=> 0\(\le\left(t-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)^2\le\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)

\(\dfrac{169}{56}\ge P\ge\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\)

Max P= \(\dfrac{169}{56}\) => t = 1/14 => \(xy=\dfrac{1}{14}\rightarrow x^2+y^2=\dfrac{13}{14}\) => x,y=...

Min P=\(\dfrac{169}{56}-\dfrac{7}{6}\left(\dfrac{17}{42}\right)^2\) <=> \(t=xy=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

<=> x=-y=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) 

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+3}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b\left(b^2+1\right)-3a^2=\left(a^2+1\right)a-3b^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3+3a^2-3b^2+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(3a+3b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+3a+3b+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=\sqrt{y}\)

\(\Rightarrow y=2x+3\)

\(\Rightarrow M=x\left(2x+3\right)+3\left(2x+3\right)-4x^2-3\) tới đây chắc chỉ cần bấm máy

\(A=\dfrac{2\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{\left(x^4+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^4\right)}=2.\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{x^4y^4+x^2y^2+x^6+y^6}\)

\(=2.\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)}{1+1+x^6+y^6}=2.\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^6+y^6+2x^3y^3}=2.\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{x^3+y^3}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:

\(x^3+y^3+1\ge3\sqrt{xy.1}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x^3+y^3}\le1\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A\le1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=1.

Vậy MaxA là 1, đạt được khi x=y=1.

x,y>0 => theo bdt AM-GM thì x+y >/ 2 căn (xy)=2 , x^2+y^2 >/ 2xy=2 (do xy=1)

P=(x+y+1)(x^2+y^2)+4/(x+y)

>/ 2(x+y+1)+4/(x+y)=[(x+y)+4/(x+y)]+(x+y+2)

x,y>0=>x+y>0 => theo bdt AM-GM thì P >/ 2.2+2+2=8 

minP=8