2:

a: =>2x^2-4x-2=x^2-x-2

=>x^2-3x=0

=>x=0(loại) hoặc x=3

b: =>(x+1)(x+4)<0

=>-4<x<-1

d: =>x^2-2x-7=-x^2+6x-4

=>2x^2-8x-3=0

=>\(x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{22}}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{x^{ }2-6x+9}=4-x\)
\(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^{ }2}=4-x\)
x-3=4-x
x+x=4+3
2x=7
x=\(\dfrac{7}{2}\)

Lời giải:
a.

PT \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 4-x\geq 0\\ x^2-6x+9=(4-x)^2=x^2-8x+16\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\leq 4\\ 2x=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{7}{2}\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: $x\geq \frac{3}{2}$

PT \(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(2x-3)+2\sqrt{2x-3}+1}+\sqrt{(2x-3)+8\sqrt{2x-3}+16}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(\sqrt{2x-3}+1)^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{2x-3}+4)^2}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow |\sqrt{2x-3}+1|+|\sqrt{2x-3}+4|=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{2x-3}+1+\sqrt{2x-3}+4=2\sqrt{2x-3}+5=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{2x-3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)

a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=4-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=4-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=4-x\left(x\ge3\right)\\x-3=x-4\left(x< 3\right)\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=7\)

hay \(x=\dfrac{7}{2}\left(nhận\right)\)

cách khác đơn giản hơn nhiều 

Đk:\(x\ge1\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+4\right)}+\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}-3\sqrt{x+4}-3\sqrt{x+3}-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+4\right)}-3\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}-3\sqrt{x+3}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+4}\left(\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}-3\right)+\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}-3\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+4}+\sqrt{x+3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)}-3\right)=1\)

Xét Ư(1)={1;-1}={....}

Dễ nhé, tự làm nốt

Đk: \(x\ge1\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+6x-8}+\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}-3\sqrt{x+4}-3\sqrt{x+3}-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+6x-8}-\frac{10}{3}\sqrt{x+3}+\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{x+3}-1\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}-3\sqrt{x+4}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2+6x-8-\frac{100}{9}\left(x+3\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+6x-8}+\frac{10}{3}\sqrt{x+3}}+\frac{x-6}{3\left(\sqrt{x+3}+3\right)}+\frac{2x^2+4x-6-9\left(x+4\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}+3\sqrt{x+4}}=0\)

Để đỡ rối ta đặt mấy cái mẫu \(\hept{\begin{cases}N=\sqrt{2x^2+6x-8}+\frac{10}{3}\sqrt{x+3}>0\\H=\sqrt{x+3}+3>0\\T=\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}+3\sqrt{x+4}>0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{18x^2-46x-372}{9N}+\frac{x-6}{3H}+\frac{2x^2-5x-42}{T}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-6\right)\left(\frac{18x+62}{9N}+\frac{1}{3H}+\frac{2x+7}{T}\right)=0\)

Dễ  thấy: \(\forall x\ge1\) thì \(\frac{18x+62}{9N}+\frac{1}{3H}+\frac{2x+7}{T}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x-6=0\Rightarrow x=6\) (thỏa mãn)

1.

\(x^4-6x^2-12x-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^2+1-4x^2-12x-9=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(2x+3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-1=2x+3\\x^2-1=-2x-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-4=0\\x^2+2x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\)

3.

ĐK: \(x\ge-9\)

\(x^4-x^3-8x^2+9x-9+\left(x^2-x+1\right)\sqrt{x+9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9=0\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+9}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow9=t^2-x\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t+x^2+x-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+t\right)\left(x-t+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-t\\x=t-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{x+9}\\x=\sqrt{x+9}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

2.

ĐK: \(x\ne\dfrac{2\pm\sqrt{2}}{2};x\ne\dfrac{-2\pm\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2x^2+4x+1}+\dfrac{x}{2x^2-4x+1}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x+\dfrac{1}{x}+4}+\dfrac{1}{2x+\dfrac{1}{x}-4}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

Đặt \(2x+\dfrac{1}{x}+4=a;2x+\dfrac{1}{x}-4=b\left(a,b\ne0\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(1\right)\)

Lại có \(a-b=8\Rightarrow a=b+8\), khi đó:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{b+8}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2b+8}{\left(b+8\right)b}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10b+40=3\left(b+8\right)b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\b=-\dfrac{20}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(b=2\Leftrightarrow...\)

TH2: \(b=-\dfrac{20}{3}\Leftrightarrow...\)

\(x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+\sqrt{x^2+2x+17}=3\)

Ta có: \(x^2+2x+17=(x^2+2x+1)+16=\left(x+1\right)^2+16\ge16\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x+17}\ge\sqrt{16}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+\sqrt{x^2+2x+17}=3\ge x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^3+6x^2+4x+1\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^4\le0\)

Mà \(\left(x+1\right)^4\ge0\Rightarrow(x+1)^4=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Thử lại ta thấy x=-1 thỏa mãn bài toán

Vậy, pt có nghiệm duy nhất là x=-1