1) Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{x^2}{m}+\frac{y^2}{n}+\frac{z^2}{p}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{m+n+p}\)  :

Ta có : \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

Easy nà!

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=x;\frac{b}{c}=y;\frac{c}{a}=z\) thì xyz = 1

BĐT trở thành: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge x+y+z\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM,ta có: \(VT+1=\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(z^2+1\right)\)

\(\ge2xy+2z\ge2\sqrt{2xy.2z}=4\sqrt{xyz}=4\)

Suy ra \(VT\ge3\) (1)

Lại có: \(x^2+1\ge2x;y^2+1\ge2y;z^2+1\ge2z\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT: \(VT+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)

Kết hợp (1) suy ra \(2VT\ge VT+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)=2VP\)

Từ đây,ta có:\(2VT\ge2VP\Rightarrow VT\ge VP^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

\(VT\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)

Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{x^2+z^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)=x+y+z=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}}{2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2019}{8}}\) (đpcm)

Áp dụng cách đánh giá quen thuộc 

\(3\left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\right)^2\)

Hay \(\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\)

Ta cần chỉ ra được \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

Ta đánh giá theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, Cần chú ý đến \(a^2+b^2+c^2\). Ta được

\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}=\frac{a^4}{a^2b}+\frac{b^4}{b^2c}+\frac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)

Ta cần chứng minh được

\(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\ge\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

Hay \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)^2\)

Dễ thấy \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)

Do đó \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

Theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki 

\(\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)^2\)

Do đó ta được \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)^2\)

Bài toán được chứng minh :3

Câu a : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)

\(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right).9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "\("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Câu b : \(VT=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

Lời giải:

\(\text{VT}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+c-\frac{ca^2}{a^2+c^2}=(a+b+c)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)(1)\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c^2+a^2}\leq \frac{ab^2}{2ab}+\frac{bc^2}{2bc}+\frac{ca^2}{2ac}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}(2)\)

Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq a+b+c-\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}$

Ta có đpcm.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Áp dụng Svac - xơ:

\(P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

Cách khác:

Áp dụng Cauchy:

\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)

\(\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}=b\)

\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\)

Cộng các vế trên. ta được:

\(P+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)

Cách 3:\(VT-VP=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)