ĐKXĐ: \(\dfrac{74}{9}\le x\le10\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{10-x}=t\Rightarrow0\le t\le\dfrac{4}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow x=10-t^2\)

Ta được:

\(2+\sqrt{4-3t}=\dfrac{10-t^2}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-3t}-1=\dfrac{10-t^2}{3}-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(1-t\right)}{\sqrt{4-3t}+1}=\dfrac{\left(1-t\right)\left(1+t\right)}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\Rightarrow x=9\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{4-3t}+1}=\dfrac{t+1}{3}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét (1), do \(0\le t\le\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{4-3t}+1}\ge1\\\dfrac{t+1}{3}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{3}+1}{3}=\dfrac{7}{9}< 1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm

Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=9\)

b) Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+3-4a=0\)

=> (a - 3).(a - 1) = 0

=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=3\\\sqrt{x^2-6x+6}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bình phương lên giải tiếp nhé!

c) Tương tư câu b nhé

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{1-x^2}=t\Rightarrow0\le t\le1\)

\(x^2=1-t^2\Rightarrow x^4=t^4-2t^2+1\)

Pt trở thành:

\(729\left(t^4-2t^2+1\right)+8t=36\)

\(\Leftrightarrow729t^4-1458t^2+8t+693=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9t^2+2t-9\right)\left(81t^2-18t-77\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9t^2+2t-9=0\\81t^2-18t-77=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{\sqrt{82}-1}{9}\\t=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{78}}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{1-t^2}=...\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: ...

\(-3\left(10+4x-x^2\right)-5\sqrt{10+4x-x^2}+42=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{10+4x-x^2}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow-3t^2-5t+42=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=3\\t=-\dfrac{14}{3}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{10+4x-x^2}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=...\)

Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $-10\leq x\leq 8$

$x^2+2x+7=(x+1)^2+6\geq 6(1)$

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$(\sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{x+10})^2\leq (8-x+x+10)(1+1)=36$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{x+10}\leq 6(2)$

Từ $(1); (2)\Rightarrow \sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{x+10}\leq 6\leq x^2+2x+7$

Để pt xảy ra thì $\sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{x+10}=6=x^2+2x+7$

$\Leftrightarrow x=-1$

ĐKXĐ : -10 \(\le x\le8\)

Ta có \(3\sqrt{8-x}+3\sqrt{10+x}\le\dfrac{3^2+8-x}{2}+\dfrac{3^2+10+x}{2}=18\)

 (BĐT Cauchy)

=> \(\sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{10+x}\le6\)

=> VT \(\le6\) (1)

Lại có VP = x² + 2x + 7 = (x + 1)² + 6 \(\ge6\) (2)

Từ (1) (2) => Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3=\sqrt{8-x}\\3=\sqrt{10+x}\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy x = -1 là nghiệm phương trình 

Lần sau bạn lưu ý gõ đề bài bằng công thức toán (biểu tượng $\sum$ góc trái khung soạn thảo).

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x^3+x^2+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(x^2-6x+9+x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

c.

ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(VT=2x+3\sqrt{4-5x}+1.\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(VT\le2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(9+4-5x\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+x+2\right)=8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=-1\)

d.

ĐKXĐ: \(x>1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+1-1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x-1}}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x-1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{a}=\dfrac{1-b^2}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}-b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt[3]{2}\)