PTHH: Fe₂O₃+3H₂---(t^o)-->2Fe+3H₂O

20 14 (g)

Hiệu suất phản ứng:

H=\(\dfrac{11,2}{14}.100=80\left(\%\right)\)

a)\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2mol\)

\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

b)\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{100}{18}=\dfrac{50}{9}mol\)

\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

\(0,2\)         \(\dfrac{50}{9}\)            0             0

\(0,2\)         0,2           0,2           0,1

0            \(5,35\)         0,2           0,1

\(V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24l\)

PTHH: CuO+H2→H2O+Cu  nCuO=4880=0,6 mol. 

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: Số mol đồng kim loại thu được là: nCu=0,6 mol. \

Số gam đồng thu được là: mCu=0,6×64=38,4g 

Số mol khí Hidro cần dùng là: nH2=nCuO=0,6 mol 

Thể tích khí Hidro cần dùng là: V=0,6×22,4=13,44l

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{48}{80}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\) 
             0,6     0,6      0,6 
=> \(m_{Cu}=0,6.64=38,4\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

a)

\(CuO + H_2\xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ b) n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu} = \dfrac{12-0,1,56}{64}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{n_{Fe}}{2} = 0,05(mol)\\ n_{CuO} = n_{Cu} = 0,1(mol)\\ \%m_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{0,05.160}{0,05.160 + 0,1.80}.100\% = 50\%\\ \%m_{CuO} = 50\%\)

\(c) n_{H_2} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} + n_{CuO} = 0,05.3 + 0,1 = 0,25(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\)

\(d) n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{H_2O} = 0,25.18 = 4,5(gam)\)

\(C1\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,H_2+CuO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cu\left(TT\right)}=n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}.H=0,3.80\%=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu\left(TT\right)}=0,24.80=19,2\left(g\right)\)

- Oxit:

+ Oxit bazo: Al₂O₃ (Nhôm oxit), CuO (Đồng (II) oxit)

+ Oxit axit: N₂O₅ (dinito pentaoxit)

- Axit: 

H₂CO₃ (Axit cacbonic), H₃PO₄ (axit photphoric)

- Bazo:

KOH (Kali hidroxit), Zn(OH)₂ (Kẽm hidroxit)

- Muối: 

KHSO₄ (Kali hidrosunfat), CuCl₂ (Đồng (II) clorua), ZnSO₄ (Kẽm sunfat)

Bài 1:

a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)

                \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)

            \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 3:

PTHH: \(CuO+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+CO_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_3O_4+4CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}3Fe+4CO_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{31,2+15,2}{2}=23,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=31,2-23,2=8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)=\dfrac{8}{80}=n_{CuO}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,1\cdot64=6,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{CO}=n_{CO_2}=n_{Cu}+\dfrac{4}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{7}{30}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CO}=V_{CO_2}=\dfrac{7}{30}\cdot22,4\approx5,23\left(l\right)\)  

CuO + H₂ \(-^{t^o}\rightarrow\) Cu + H₂O     (1)

3Cu + 8HNO₃ \(\rightarrow\) 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO + 4H₂O   (2)

CuO + 2HNO₃ \(\rightarrow\) Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO  + 4H₂O     (3)

Ta có : n_NO = 0,2 mol.

Theo (2) :\( n_{Cu}=\frac{3}{2}n_{NO}=0,3\) mol ; \(n_{HNO_{3}}=\frac{8}{3}n_{NO}=0,8 (mol).\)

Theo (3) : \(n_{CuO}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HNO_{3}}=\frac{1}{2}(1-0,8)=0,1(mol).\)

=> n_{CuO ban đầu} = 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4 (mol)

Hiệu suất của quá trình khử CuO là :\( H = \frac{0,3}{0,4}.100=75%.\)

=> Chọn B.

B