Write the second sentence so that it has the same as the first. Use the word in brackets.

1. The rising temperature in the water destroys ecosystems. (so)

—> The temperature ...........................................................................................

2. Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion in rivers. (because of)

—> Water pollution ................................................................................................................

3. Oil spills in the water causes animals to die. (make)

—> Oil spills ..................................................................................................................

4. Dumping solid waste in river, lakes and oceans causes water pollution. (lead to)

—> Dumping solid wastes ..................................................................................................................

5. Global warming makes water temperature go up. (due to)

—> Water temperature..........................................................................................

6. Oil from ship travel causes oil pollution to happen. (because of)

—> Oil pollution ..................................................................................................................

7. We don't use more oil and coal. Pollution doesn't increase. (if)

—> If we............................................................................................................

8. The climate doesn't change. We don't meet with natural disasters. (if)

—> If the climate....................................................................................................

Write the second sentence so thats if means the same as the first. Use the word in brackets:

1. Drinking contaminated water causes skin rashes, cancer and stomach sickness. (result in)

..........................................................................................................................................................

2. The rising temperature in the water destroys ecosystems. (so)

..........................................................................................................................................................

3. Water pollution causes flooding due to the accumulation of soil waste anf soil erosion in rivers. (because of)

...........................................................................................................................................................

4. Oil spilling in the water causes animals to die. (make)

..........................................................................................................................

5. Dumping soil wastes in rivers, lakes and oceans causes water pollution. (lead to)

...........................................................................................................................................................

6. Global warming makes water temperature go up. (due to)

...................................................................................................................................

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Give correct form of the words in brackets:

1. Factories dump................ waste into lakes and rivers . (industry)

2. The .............. of water can make people and other animals die . (contaminate)

3.Households dump waste into the river so it is ................(pollute)

4.Since the parents were exposed to............. , their children have birth defects .(radioactive)

5. If we use water ............., more people will have fresh water.(care)

6. The.................. fish are floating in the water . (die)

7. Do you know what.............. cause air pollution? (pollute)

8. The river is .........................by the dumping from nearby factories.(contaminate)

9. Noise pollution can also lead to headaches and high blood..........................(press)

10. Dumping........................waste into the lakes and rivers has cause serious water pollution.(industry)

Read the passage and choose the correct answer A,B or C for each gap.

Water pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater (the water beneath the Earth’s surface). It is one of the most serious types of pollution. Water pollution can have many different causes. Factories dump (21)……………….waste into lakes and rivers. Sewage from households is another cause. Farms using pesticides to kill insects and herbicides to kill weeds can also lead to water pollution. These factors cause ‘point source’ pollution while (22)………………from storm water and the atmosphere result in ‘non- point source’ pollution. Water pollution can have dramatic effects. In many poor nations, there are frequent outbreaks of cholera and other diseases (23)………………..people drinking untreated water. Humans can even die if they drink contaminated water. (24)……………water also causes the death of aquatic animals such as fish, crabs, or birds. Other animals eat these dead animals and may also get sick. In addition, herbicides in water can kill aquatic plants and (25)…………..further damage to the environment. So what should we do to reduce water pollution?

21. A. industry B. industrial C. technology

22. A. pollutants B. pollution C. polluted

23. A. because B. because of C. so

24. A. Polluting B. Pollute C. Polluted

25. A. get B. has C. cause

V. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below.

Water pollution happens (21) __________ toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the quality of water. Not (22) __________ does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drinking.

Water pollution can be (23) __________ in a number of ways, one of the most polluting being city sewage and industrial waste discharge. Indirect sources (24)__________ water pollution include contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater systems and from the atmosphere via rain. Soils and groundwater contain (25)__________ residue of human agricultural practices and also improperly disposed of industrial wastes.

Pollutants can be of varying kinds: organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on. In fact, the list of possible water contaminants is just too vast to be listed here.

21. A. what                 B. when                       C. why                        D. while

22. A. both                  B. only                        C. well                         D. either

23. A. cause                B. caused                    C. causing                   D. causes

24. A. of                      B. in                                        C. at                                        D. for

25. A. a                       B. an                            C. the                          D. x