áp dụng tính chất |A|+|B|>+|A+B|

y=|x-2|+|1-x|\(\ge\)|x-2+1-x|=|-1|=1

vậy gtri nhỏ nhất y=1 khi (x-2)(1-x)\(\ge0\)

<=> \(-1\le2\)

các câu sau tương tự nha

a) Ta có: \(Q=-x^2-y^2+4x-4y+2=-\left(x^2+y^2-4x+4y-2\right)\)

\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4+y^2+4y+4\right)+10\)

\(=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\forall x,y\)

Vậy Max_Q=10 khi x=2, y=-2

b) +Ta có: \(A=-x^2-6x+5=-\left(x^2+6x-5\right)=-\left(x^2+6x+9-14\right)\)

\(=-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)+14=-\left(x+3\right)^2+14\le14\forall x\)

Vậy Max_A=14 khi x=-3

+Ta có: \(B=-4x^2-9y^2-4x+6y+3=-\left(4x^2+9y^2+4x-6y-3\right)\)

\(=-\left(4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-5\right)\)

\(=-\left[\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2\right]+5\le5\forall x,y\)

Vậy Max_B=5 khi x=-1/2, y=1/3

c) Ta có: \(P=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=x^2-2x+1+y^2+6y+9+2\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)

Vậy Min_P=2 khi x=1, y=-3

\(\sqrt{4x+2\sqrt{x}+1}\le\sqrt{4x+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2^2+x\right)+1}=\sqrt{\dfrac{9x}{2}+3}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{21}}.\sqrt{21}.\sqrt{\dfrac{9x}{2}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(21+\dfrac{9x}{2}+3\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(\dfrac{9x}{2}+24\right)\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(A\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{21}}\left(\dfrac{9}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+72\right)=3\sqrt{21}\)

\(A_{max}=3\sqrt{21}\) khi \(x=y=z=4\)

\(A=1\sqrt{4x+2\sqrt{x}+1}+1.\sqrt{4y+2\sqrt{y}+1}+1\sqrt{4z+2\sqrt{z}+1}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(4\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)+3\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{3.\left[51+\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)}{2}\right]}\)

\(\le\sqrt{3.\left[51+\dfrac{x+y+z+12}{2}\right]}\)

\(=\sqrt{189}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 4

Bài 2: 

Q=|x+2|+|x-2|=|x+2|+|2-x|>=|x+2+2-x|=4

Dấu = xảy ra khi (x+2)(x-2)<=0

=>-2<=x<=2

bạn có thể dùng bđt phụ này :

\(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)

và đây là cách chứng minh 

Bất đẳng thức tương đương :

\(a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)

\(< =>a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)

\(< =>\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*

ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=9\Rightarrow x+y+z\le3\)

ta có :\(\sqrt{4x+5}=\frac{\sqrt{9\left(4x+5\right)}}{3}\le\frac{9+4x+5}{2\times3}=\frac{2x+7}{3}\)

tương tự ta sẽ có  ; \(A\le\frac{2x+7}{3}+\frac{2y+7}{3}+\frac{2z+7}{3}=\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)+7\le\frac{2}{3}\times3+7=9\)

Vậy GTLN của A=9

dấu bằng xảy ra khi x= y= z =1

\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=3.3=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le3\).

\(A=\sqrt{4x+5}+\sqrt{4y+5}+\sqrt{4z+5}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(4x+5+4y+5+4z+5\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{3\left[4\left(x+y+z\right)+15\right]}=9\)

Dấu \(=\)khi \(x=y=z=1\).

Bài 1: \(x+y+z+11=2\sqrt{x}+4\sqrt{y-1}+6\sqrt{z-2}\)

ĐKXĐ:\(x\ge0;y\ge1;z\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\sqrt{x}+1+\left(y-1\right)-2\cdot\sqrt{y-1}\cdot2+4+\left(z-2\right)-2\cdot\sqrt{z-2}\cdot3+9=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-1}-2\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-2}-3\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{y-1}=2\\\sqrt{z-2}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=5\\z=11\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2: 

Q=|x+2|+|x-2|>=|x+2+2-x|=4

Dấu = xảy ra khi (x+2)(x-2)<=0

=>-2<=x<=2