\(=\dfrac{xy\left(z-1\right)-y\left(z-1\right)-x\left(z-1\right)+\left(z-1\right)}{xy\left(z+1\right)+y\left(z+1\right)-x\left(z+1\right)-\left(z+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(xy-y-x+1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(xy+y-x-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(5003-1\right)\left(5001-1\right)}{\left(5003+1\right)\left(5001+1\right)}=\dfrac{5002\cdot5000}{5004\cdot5002}=\dfrac{5000}{5004}=\dfrac{1250}{1251}\)

13: 

xy(x+y)+yz(y+z)+xz(x+z)+2xyz 

= xy(x + y) + yz(y + z) + xyz + xz(x + z) + xyz 

= xy(x + y) + yz(y + z + x) + xz(x + z + y) 

= xy(x + y) + z(x + y + z)(y + x) 

= (x + y)(xy + zx + zy + z²) 

= (x + y)[x(y + z) + z(y + z)] 

= (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)

\(\frac{1}{x+y+z}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}+\frac{1}{3xyz}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{2}{xy+yz+zx}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Lời giải:

Từ \(xy+yz+xz=xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)

Đặt \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)

BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:

\(P=\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}\geq \frac{1}{16}(*)\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a+1}{64}+\frac{b+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3c}{16}\)

\(\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b+1}{64}+\frac{c+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3a}{16}\)

\(\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}+\frac{c+1}{64}+\frac{a+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3b}{16}\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên và rút gọn :

\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{a+b+c+3}{32}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{4}{32}\geq \frac{3}{16}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{16}\)

Vậy \((*)\) được chứng minh. Bài toán hoàn tất.

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)