Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 102a + 65b = 2,505(1)

\(Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\)

Muối gồm : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:2a\left(mol\right)\\ZnCl_2:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 133,5.2a + 136b = 6,045(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,015 ; b = 0,015

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{0,015.102}{2,505}.100\% = 61,08\%\\ \%m_{Zn} = 100\% - 61,08\% = 38,92\%\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{HCl} = 6a + 2b = 0,12(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,12.36,5}{200}.100\% = 2,19\%\)

a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

             a--->a---------->a-------->a

            Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

             b--->b----------->b------>b

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=98a+98b\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(98a+98b\right).100}{19,6}=500a+500b\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 24a + 56b + 500a + 500b - 2a - 2b = 522a + 554b (g)

Có: \(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{152b}{522a+554b}.100\%=7,17\%\)

=> a = 3b

\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120a}{522a+554b}.100\%=16,98\%\)

b)

Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\24a+56b=1,92\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> a = 0,045; b = 0,015

\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + CuSO₄ --> MgSO₄ + Cu

         0,045->0,045----->0,045

            Fe + CuSO₄ --> FeSO₄ + Cu

       0,015-->0,015----->0,015

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\left(dư\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4M\\C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,045}{0,1}=0,45M\\C_{M\left(FeSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,015}{0,1}=0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 1:

Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)

a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_______a______a(mol)

MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

b_____2b_______b___b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)

=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%

=> %mMgO= 45,455%

b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)

c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)

Câu 2:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2   (mol)

           \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

                0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2  (mol)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2. Cho 8g Fe2O3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HCl 20% (D = 1,1g/ml). Hãy tính: a. Thể tích dd HCl đã dùng b. Nồng độ % dd thu được sau phản ứng

a) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{20\%}=54,75\left(g\right)\)

=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{54,75}{1,1}=49,77\left(g\right)\)

b) \(m_{ddsaupu}=8+54,75=62,75\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.2.162,5}{62,75}.100=25,9\%\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1                      0,1           0,1

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

Mol:      0,05                             0,05

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=13,6-5,6=8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

b và c ko hiểu đề

$n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{4,08}{102} = 0,04(mol)$

\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

0,04          0,12                    0,04                                (mol)

$m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,04.342 = 13,68(gam)$

$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,12.98}{280}.100\% = 4,2\%$

PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{160}=0,03\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,09\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,09\cdot98}{9,8\%}=90\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,03\cdot400=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

$CH_3COOH + NaHCO_3 \to CH_3COONa + CO_2 + H_2O$

b)

n NaHCO3 = n CH3COOH = 100.12%/60 = 0,2(mol)

m dd NaHCO3 = 0,2.84/8% = 210(gam)

c)

n CO2 = n CH3COOH = 0,2(mol)

=> V CO2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)

d)

m dd = m dd CH3COOH + m dd NaHCO3 - m CO2 = 100  + 210 - 0,2.44 = 301,2(gam)

C% CH3COONa = 0,2.82/301,2   .100% = 5,44%