2A+2H2O-->2AOH+H2

0,3 -------------0,3 -- --0,15

MA=10,1\0,3=33,67

-->vậy A gồm Na (x mol) và K(y mol)

mA=23x+39y=10,1

nA=x+y=0,3

==>x=0,1 mol ,y=0,2 mol (tm)

Đặt CT chung : R

\(2R+2H_2O-->2ROH+H_2\left(1\right)\)

0,3______________________0,15

\(n_{H_2}=\frac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(M_R=\frac{10,1}{0,3}=33,67\)

mà \(M_A>M_B\)

=> A;B : K ; Na

a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

          0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075

=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)

=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)

b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

          0,05->0,0375

           2Cu + O₂ --t^o--> 2CuO 

            0,2-->0,1

=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)

Đáp án D

Đáp án D

Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A

Công thức oxit là A₂O

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_A=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{A_2O}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x.M_A+y\left(2.M_A+16\right)=25,8\)

=> \(x.M_A+2y.M_A+16y=25,8\) (1)

PTHH: 2A + 2H₂O --> 2AOH + H₂

             A₂O + H₂O --> 2AOH

=> \(\left(x+2y\right)\left(M_A+17\right)=33,6\)

=> \(x.M_A+2y.M_A+17x+34y=33,6\) (2)

(2) - (1) = 17x + 18y = 7,8

=> \(x=\dfrac{7,8-18y}{17}\)

Do x > 0 => \(\dfrac{7,8-18y}{17}>0\Rightarrow0< y< \dfrac{13}{30}\) (3)

Thay vào (1) => 7,8.M_A + 16y.M_A + 272y = 25,8

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{571,2}{7,8+16y}-17\) (4)

(3)(4) => 21,77 < M_A < 56,23

=> \(A\left[{}\begin{matrix}Natri\left(Na\right)\\Kali\left(K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Nếu A là Na:

=> 23x + 62y = 25,8

Và (x + 2y).40 = 33,6

=> x = 0,03; y = 0,405

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2O}=0,405.62=25,11\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Nếu A là K

=> 39x + 94y = 25,8

Và (x + 2y).56 = 33,6

=> x = 0,3; y = 0,15

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_K=0,3.39=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{K_2O}=0,15.94=14,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)

Đặt CTHH của 2 muối là \(M_2CO_3,RCO_3\)

PTHH:

`M_2CO_3 + 2HCl -> 2MCl + CO_2 + H_2O`

`RCO_3 + 2HCl -> RCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O`

`n_{CO_2} = (3,36)/(22,4) = 0,15 (mol)`

Theo PTHH:
`n_{=CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,15 (mol)`

`n_{-Cl} = 2n_{CO_2} = 0,3 (mol)`

`=> m_{muối} = m_{RCO_3} - m_{=CO_3} + m_{-Cl} = 15,3 - 0,15.60 + 0,3.35,5 = 16,95 (g)`