a)a²+b²+c²+3=2(a+b+c)

=>a²+b²+c²+1+1+1-2a-2b-2c=0

=>(a²-2a+1)+(b²-2b+1)+(c²-2c+1)=0

=>(a-1)²+(b-1)²+(c-1)²=0

=>a-1=b-1=c-1=0 <=>a=b=c=1 

-->Đpcm

b)(a+b+c)²=3(ab+ac+bc)

=>a²+b²+c²+2ab+2ac+2bc -3ab-3ac-3bc=0 

=>a²+b²+c²-ab-ac-bc=0

=>2a²+2b²+2c²-2ab-2ac-2bc=0 

=>(a²- 2ab+b²)+(b²-2bc+c²) + (c²-2ca+a²) = 0

=>(a-b)²+(b-c)²+(c-a)²=0 

Hay (a-b)²=0 hoặc (b-c)²=0 hoặc (a-c)²=0

=>a-b hoặc b=c hoặc a=c

=>a=b=c 

-->Đpcm

c)a²+b²+c²=ab+bc+ca

=>2(a²+b²+c²)=2(ab+bc+ca)

=>2a²+2b²+c²=2ab+2bc+2ca

=>2a²+2b²+c²-2ab-2bc-2ca=0

=>a²+a²+b²+b²+c²+c²-2ab-2bc-2ca=0

=>(a²-2ab+b²)+(b²-2bc+c²)+(a²-2ca+c²)=0

=>(a-b)²+(b-c)²+(a-c)²=0

Hay (a-b)²=0 hoặc (b-c)²=0 hoặc (a-c)²=0

=>a-b hoặc b=c hoặc a=c

=>a=b=c 

-->Đpcm

a) Ta có : \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0,\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0,\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\) nên pt trên tương đương với \(\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)^2=0\\\left(b-1\right)^2=0\\\left(c-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ac\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0,\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0,\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

c) Giải tương tự câu b) , bắt đầu từ (1)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :

\(a^2+b^2=\frac{a^2}{1}+\frac{b^2}{1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{1+1}=\frac{1^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b

úi xin lỗi bài kia thiếu ._. Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=1/2 nhé

2. Ta có : a³ + b³ + ab = ( a + b )( a² - ab + b² ) + ab

= a² - ab + b² + ac = a² + b² ( do a+b=1 )

Sử dụng kết quả ở bài trước ta có đpcm

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=1/2

a. \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=-2ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\) (đpcm)

b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2;\left(b-1\right)^2;\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)^2=\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-1=b-1=c-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

c. \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Tương tự câu b ta có a = b = c

\(1\ge a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge4\)

Do đó:

\(ab+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\ge ab+\dfrac{2}{ab}=\left(ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}\right)+\dfrac{31}{16}.\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{16ab}}+\dfrac{31}{16}.4=\dfrac{33}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng giả thiết \(ab=1\) và bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab}{a-b}=a-b+\dfrac{2}{a-b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(a-b\right)}{a-b}}=2\sqrt{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=1\\a-b=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\\b=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:

$\frac{a^2+b^2}{a-b}=\frac{(a-b)^2+2ab}{a-b}=\frac{(a-b)^2+2}{a-b}=(a-b)+\frac{2}{a-b}\geq 2\sqrt{(a-b).\frac{2}{a-b}}=2\sqrt{2}$

Ta có đpcm.

\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2=\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab\right]^2=\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\right]^2\ge8\left(a-b\right)^2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=\sqrt{2}\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{2};\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\right);\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}}{2};-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)\)