Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) thì bài toán trở thành

Cho \(a+b+ab=3\)

Tìm GTLN của: \(M=\dfrac{3b}{a+1}+\dfrac{3a}{b+1}-a^2-b^2=\dfrac{ab}{a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{b+1}\)

Ta có: \(3=a+b+ab\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)

Ta lại có: \(M=\dfrac{ab}{a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{b+1}=ab.\dfrac{a+1+b+1}{ab+a+b+1}=ab.\dfrac{5-ab}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{5ab-a^2b^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(-a^2b^2+2ab-1\right)+3ab+1}{4}=\dfrac{-\left(ab-1\right)^2+3ab+1}{4}\le\dfrac{3+1}{4}=1\)

Vậy GTLN là \(M=1\) khi \(a=b=1\) hay \(x=y=1\)

Do \(1\le x\le2\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\le3x\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(y^2+2\le3y\)

Do đó: \(P\ge\dfrac{x+2y}{3x+3y+3}+\dfrac{2x+y}{3x+3y+3}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y-1\right)}\)

Đặt \(a=x+y-1\Rightarrow1\le a\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge f\left(a\right)=\dfrac{a+1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{4a}\)

\(f'\left(a\right)=\dfrac{3a^2-4a-4}{4a^2\left(a+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-2\right)\left(3a+2\right)}{4a^2\left(a+2\right)^2}=0\Rightarrow a=2\)

\(f\left(1\right)=\dfrac{11}{12}\) ; \(f\left(2\right)=\dfrac{7}{8}\) ; \(f\left(3\right)=\dfrac{53}{60}\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(a\right)\ge\dfrac{7}{8}\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{7}{8}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(2;1\right)\)

Ta có: \(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow3xy\ge2\sqrt{xy}+1\Rightarrow3xy-2\sqrt{xy}-1\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3\sqrt{xy}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{xy}-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}-1\ge0\) (do \(3\sqrt{xy}+1>0\) )

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge1\Rightarrow xy\ge1\Rightarrow1-xy\le0\)

\(P=\dfrac{y\left(x+1\right)+x\left(y+1\right)}{xy\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=\dfrac{2xy+x+y}{xy\left(xy+x+y+1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2xy+3xy-1}{xy\left(xy+3xy\right)}=\dfrac{5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}=\dfrac{-4\left(xy\right)^2+5xy-1}{4\left(xy\right)^2}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(1-xy\right)\left(4xy+1\right)}{4\left(xy\right)^2}+1\)

Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-xy\le0\\4xy+1>0\\4\left(xy\right)^2>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(1-xy\right)\left(4xy+1\right)}{4\left(xy\right)^2}\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le0+1=1\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(x=y=1\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+x+y+z}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{3x\left(y+z\right)+3}+\dfrac{1}{3y\left(z+x\right)+3}+\dfrac{1}{3z\left(x+y\right)+3}\)

Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b^3+c^3\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c^3+a^3\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a^3+b^3\right)+1}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3bc\left(b+c\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^3ac\left(a+c\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^3ab\left(a+b\right)+1}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a\left(b+c\right)+bc}+\dfrac{ac}{b\left(a+c\right)+ac}+\dfrac{ab}{c\left(a+b\right)+ab}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)

\(P\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+4}\right)}\le\sqrt{3\left(\sum\dfrac{1}{4xy+4x+4}\right)}\)

\(P\le\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\sum\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+x+1}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(P_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Ta có \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^4}{8}\). Áp dụng cho biểu thức A, suy ra \(A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Ta tìm GTNN của \(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\). Ta có 

\(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+2\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{16x^2}}+2\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{16y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}\right)+2\)

    \(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4^2}{2}\right)+2\) \(=\dfrac{21}{2}\). Do đó \(P\ge\dfrac{21}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Vậy GTNN của A là \(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\), ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Gợi ý: \(\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)

Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$\text{VT}(1^2+1^2+1^2)\geq (1+\frac{x}{y+z}+1+\frac{y}{x+z}+1+\frac{z}{x+y})^2$

$\Leftrightarrow 3\text{VT}\geq (3+\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y})^2$

$ = \left[3+\frac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\frac{y^2}{yz+yx}+\frac{z^2}{zy+zx}\right]^2$

$\geq \left[3+\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{2(xy+yz+xz)}\right]^2$

$\geq \left[3+\frac{3(xy+yz+xz)}{2(xy+yz+xz)}\right]^2=\frac{81}{4}$

$\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{27}{4}$

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z>0$

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

VT(12+12+12)≥(1+��+�+1+��+�+1+��+�)2VT(12+12+12)≥(1+y+zx​+1+x+zy​+1+x+yz​)2

⇔3VT≥(3+��+�+��+�+��+�)2⇔3VT≥(3+y+zx​+x+zy​+x+yz​)2

=[3+�2��+��+�2��+��+�2��+��]2=[3+xy+xzx2​+yz+yxy2​+zy+zxz2​]2

≥[3+(�+�+�)22(��+��+��)]2≥[3+2(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)2​]2

≥[3+3(��+��+��)2(��+��+��)]2=814≥[3+2(xy+yz+xz)3(xy+yz+xz

\(VT=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2=\dfrac{25}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)