a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} =0,05(mol)\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 =1,2(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 7,6 -1,2 = 6,4(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,5} =0,1(lít)\\ c) n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4} = 0,05.120 = 6(gam)\\ d) \text{Bảo toàn electron: } 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Cu} = 2n_{SO_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2} = 0,05 + \dfrac{6,4}{64} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow V_{SO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)

a.Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2

b.\(nH2=\dfrac{4.704}{22.4}=0.21mol\) = nMg

mMg = 0.21\(\times24=5.04g\)

\(\%mMg=\dfrac{5.04\times100}{25}=20.16\%\)

\(\%mAg=100-20.16=79.84\%\)

c.MgSO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + Mg(OH)2

   0.21           0.42

H2SO4 + 2KOH -> K2SO4 + H2O

  0.04        0.08

\(nH2SO4=\dfrac{9.8\times250}{100\times98}=0.25mol\)

Mà nH2SO4 phản ứng = nH2 = 0.21 mol 

\(\Rightarrow nH2SO4dư=0.25-0.21=0.04mol\)

=> nKOH = 0.42 + 0.08 = 0.5mol

\(\Rightarrow CM_{KOH}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.625}=0.8M\)

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

x                                            x

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

y                                                 3/2y

\(nH_2=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

ta có hệ pt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,4\\24x+27y=7,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(mMg=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)

\(mAl=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1:

Gọi : nMg=a(mol); nMgO=b(mol) (a,b>0)

a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a________2a_______a______a(mol)

MgO +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O

b_____2b_______b___b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+40b=8,8\\22,4a=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)

=>%mMg= (4,8/8,8).100=54,545%

=> %mMgO= 45,455%

b) m(muối)=mMg2+ + mCl- = 0,3. 24 + 0,6.35,5=28,5(g)

c) V=VddHCl=(2a+2b)/2=0,3(l)=300(ml)

Câu 2:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Ca+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

               0,2____0,4_____0,2____0,2   (mol)

           \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

                0,2____0,4______0,2____0,2  (mol)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{0,2\cdot40+0,2\cdot56}\cdot100\%\approx41,67\%\\\%m_{CaO}=58,33\%\\m_{CaCl_2}=\left(0,2+0,2\right)\cdot111=44,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2            1           1

       0,2       0,4         0,2         0,2

      \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)

          1            6               2              3

         0,2         1,2            0,4

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe2O3}=27,2-11,2=16\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{11,2.100}{27,2}=41,18\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀Fe₂O₃ = \(\dfrac{16.100}{27,2}=58,82\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{Fe2O3}=16\left(g\right)\)

 \(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+1,2=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

   \(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{1,2.2}{6}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

  \(C_{M_{FeCl2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25\left(M\right)\)

  \(C_{M_{FeCl3}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,8}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)