Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath

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\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{-b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

\(=1\)

\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)

Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)

\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)

Ta có: a+b+c=0

nên a+b=-c

Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)

\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)

\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)

\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)

\(=2bc\)

Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)

\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)

\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)

\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)

\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)

\(=2ac\)

Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)

\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)

\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)

\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)

\(=2ab\)

Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)

Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được: 

\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)

\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất các dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{1}\)

\(x=a\left(x+y+z\right)=x^2=a^2.\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(y=b\left(x+y+z\right)=y^2=b^2\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(z=c\left(x+y+z\right)=z^2=c^2.\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=a^2\left(x+y+z\right)^2+b^2\left(x+y+z\right)^2+c^2\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)

                         \(=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\) (do \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\))

lol

Lời giải:

$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$

$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$

Vì $(a-b)^2; (b-c)^2; (c-a)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $a,b,c$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:

$a-b=b-c=c-a=0$

$\Rightarrow a=b=c$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1$

Khi đó:

$(\frac{a}{b}+1)(\frac{b}{c}+1)(\frac{c}{a}+1)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=8$ 

Ta có đpcm.

Lời giải:

Ta thấy:
$(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=ad(c^2+b^2)+bc(a^2+d^2)$

$=(ad+bc)t$

Mà: 

$2(t-ab-cd)=(a-b)^2+(c-d)^2>0$ nên $t> ab+cd$

Tương tự: $t> ac+bd$

Kết hợp $(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=(ad+bc)t$ nên:

$ab+cd> ad+bc, ac+bd> ad+bc$

Nếu $ab+cd, ac+bd$ đều thuộc $P$. Do $ad+bc$ là ước của $ab+cd$ hoặc $ac+bd$. Điều này vô lý 

Do đó ta có đpcm.