Tham khảo :

Nhận thấy vế trái luôn dương nên \(x-2020\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge2020\)

Với \(x\ge2020\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2017\ge0\\2x-2018\ge0\\3x-2019\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

PT trở thành: \(x-2017+2x-2018+3x-2019=x-2020\)

Hay kết hợp với điều kiện \(x=\dfrac{4034}{5}\) suy ra PT đã cho vô nghiệm 

\(\left|x-2017\right|+\left|2x-2018\right|+\left|3x-2019\right|=x-2020\)

\(ĐK:x\ge2020\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2017+2x-2018+3x-2019=x-2020\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x=4034\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=806,8\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{806,8\right\}\)

\(\frac{x-2}{2017}+\frac{x-3}{2018}=\frac{x-4}{2019}+\frac{x-5}{2020}\)

<=> \(\frac{x-2}{2017}+1+\frac{x-3}{2018}+1=\frac{x-4}{2019}+1+\frac{x-5}{2020}+1\)

<=> \(\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}-\frac{x+2015}{2019}-\frac{x+2015}{2020}=0\)

<=> \(\left(x+2015\right)\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=0\)

<=> x + 2015 = 0  ( vì \(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\ne0\)) 

<=> x = - 2015 

Vậy x = -2015.

Giải phương trình :

\(\frac{x-2}{2017}+\frac{x-3}{2018}=\frac{x-4}{2019}+\frac{x-5}{2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-2}{2017}+1+\frac{x-3}{2018}+1=\frac{x-4}{2019}+1+\frac{x-5}{2020}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}-\frac{x+2015}{2019}-\frac{x+2015}{2020}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2015\right)\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=0\)

Mà \(\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2015=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-2015\)

\(\frac{x-2}{2017}+\frac{x-3}{2018}=\frac{x-4}{2019}+\frac{x-5}{2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x-2}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{2018}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x-4}{2019}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-5}{2020}+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-2+2017}{2017}+\frac{x-3+2018}{2018}=\frac{x-4+2019}{2019}+\frac{x-5+2020}{2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}=\frac{x+2015}{2019}+\frac{x+2015}{2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}-\frac{x+2015}{2019}-\frac{x+2015}{2020}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+15\right)\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2015=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-2015\)

Vậy x = - 2015 

Dễ thấy \(x=2017\)không là nghiệm của phương trình.

Ta có:

\(\frac{1+\frac{x-2018}{2017-x}+\left(\frac{x-2018}{2017-x}\right)^2}{1-\frac{x-2018}{2017-x}+\left(\frac{x-2018}{2017-x}\right)}=\frac{13}{37}\)

Đặt \(\frac{x-2018}{2017-x}=a\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+a+a^2}{1-a+a^2}=\frac{13}{37}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow24a^2+50a+24=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=-\frac{3}{4}\\a=-\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)

Lời giải:

a.

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x+3)^2=2016^{2020}-17^{91}+9$

Ta thấy: $2016^{2020}-17^{91}+9\equiv 0-(-1)^{91}+0\equiv -1\equiv 2\pmod 3$

Mà 1 scp thì chia $3$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên pt vô nghiệm.

b.

$x^2=2016(y-1)^2-2017^{2019}\equiv 0-1^{2019}\equiv 3\pmod 4$
Mà 1 scp chia $4$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý.

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

c.

$(x-1)^2=2017^{2017}+1\equiv 1^{2017}+1\equiv 2\pmod 4$
Mà 1 scp khi chia cho $4$ chỉ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d.

$(x+2)^2=2018^{10}+4\equiv (-1)^{10}+1\equiv 2\pmod 3$

Mà 1 scp khi chia $3$ dư $0$ hoặc $1$ nên vô lý

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

\(\frac{x+1}{2019}+\frac{x+2}{2018}=\frac{x+2017}{3}+\frac{x+2016}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{2019}+1+\frac{x+2}{2018}+1=\frac{x+2017}{3}+1+\frac{x+2016}{4}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2020}{2019}+\frac{x+2020}{2018}-\frac{x+2020}{3}-\frac{x+2020}{4}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2020\right).\left(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)

Mà \(\left(\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2020=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2020\)

Vậy...

Ta có:\(\frac{x-2}{2017}+1+\frac{x-3}{2018}+1=\frac{x-4}{2019}+1+\frac{x-5}{2020}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}-\frac{x+2015}{2019}-\frac{x+2015}{2020}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2015\right)\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=0\)

Mà \(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2015=0\Rightarrow x=-2015\)

\(S=\left\{-2015\right\}\)

gợi ý 

2017-x-2=2018-3-x=2019-4-x=2020-5-x

\(\frac{x-2}{2017}+\frac{x-3}{2018}=\frac{x-4}{2019}+\frac{x-5}{2020}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-2}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-3}{2018}+1\right)=\left(\frac{x-4}{2019}+1\right)+\left(\frac{x-5}{2020}+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-2+2017}{2017}+\frac{x-3+2018}{2018}=\frac{x-4+2019}{2019}+\frac{x-5+2020}{2020}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2015}{2017}+\frac{x+2015}{2018}-\frac{x+2015}{2019}-\frac{x+2015}{2020}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2015\right)\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+2015=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2015\)

\(\dfrac{2-x}{2017}+1=\dfrac{x-1}{2018}-1+1-\dfrac{x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}=\dfrac{x-2019}{2018}+\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}+\dfrac{2019-x}{2018}-\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2019-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019-x=0\) (do \(\dfrac{1}{2017}>\dfrac{1}{2019}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}>0\))

\(\Rightarrow x=2019\)