Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right|\) là số hữu tỉ

\(A=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\) thì phải?

kho qua

b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )

Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)

TH1: 

\(y-5=1\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm )   ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )

Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\)  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:
\(\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(a-c)^2}=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2-2(\frac{1}{(a-b)(b-c)}+\frac{1}{(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{1}{(a-b)(c-a)})\)

\(=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2-2.\frac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a})^2\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{(a-b)^2}+\frac{1}{(b-c)^2}+\frac{1}{(c-a)^2}}=|\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}|\) là số hữu tỷ (đpcm)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2\cdot0}{xyz}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|\left(đpcm\right)\)